Applications of femtosecond lasers

Abstract

Recently, the femtosecond laser has become an important tool in various research fields. The main features of femtosecond laser pulses are ultrafastness and ultrahigh electric field. Their capabilities to provide an extremely intense field in laboratories are useful for discovering and investigating new phenomena in high‐energy particle physics and nuclear physics. Also, they can be used to induce nonlinearities in laser‐matter interactions, which will lead to the development of innovative technologies in the fields of electronics, nanotechnology, bioengineering and environmental science. Ultrafast laser‐matter interactions can realize a nonthermal process, which is useful for the phase control of semiconductors and micro‐processing of metals, transparent materials and human cells.