Effects of Online Learning and Life Styles on Japanese Undergraduates' Depression during COVID-19

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in Japanese undergraduates' and identified the determinants of depression. A longitudinal survey was conducted among Japanese university students (N＝129). They completed self-report questionnaires assessing depression, learning time, and lifestyles. Structural equation modeling indicated that learning burden, insufficient sleep and long study time predicted depression. It is concluded that setting optimal online study time is critical for reducing and preventing undergraduates' depression. Therefore, it is suggested that undergraduates develop an appropriate timetable to facilitate effective study and adapt to the new learning environment.