D-1-4 Human risk factors and Criteria-Risk Adjuster(General Session in English (1))

Abstract

Criteria and Risk Adusters are strongly needed not only a machine centered safety but also the concepts of human centered safety. A risk has commonly given by relative and comparative expressions, whose styles are various survival or death ratio. The choice of risk are judged from the weight -ratio of benefit and disbenefit for group members or each person, and the death ratio for the risk is almost reduced to below 10^<-5>〜10^<-6>, and final judgments of accept or rejects for the criteria (level acceptable) depend on consciousness of social members. The ISS3 of TRISS mentions that the injured persons, being in death ratio 0.0035, are estimated as lifelong death ratio 5.8%, an average loss of life expectancy 2.7 years and an annual death rate 0.0007, if our life span is about 90 years and an operating time of those equipments reaches 4 hours every day. Those values are much smaller than ratio of automobiles or that of accidental death, and are same levels of the death rate of natural calamity. However, an estimation of TRISS becomes similar to that of ASCOT in the case of slight or severe injury, and accompanied with single trauma in the same region.