Abstract
The flexible solution chemistry of the sol-gel process has been used to synthesize bio-hybrid materials based on the encapsulation of biomolecules in a transparent, inorganic matrix. The biomolecules are trapped as the inorganic network forms and immobilized in the pores of the matrix. Controlling the synthesis conditions enables the enzymes and other proteins of the bio-hybrid to retain their spectroscopic properties and biological activity. By utilizing the sensitivity and selectivity of biomolecules, bio-hybrid materials have demonstrated sensing properties, with the biomolecule serving as the biorecognition element and the transparent matrix enabling spectroscopic monitoring of the reactions. In addition, bio-hybrids exhibit enhanced stability for the biomolecule as the sol-gel matrix effectively restricts mobility and protein unfolding. This paper reviews our research on the synthesis of bio-hybrids, their stability properties and their application as sensors.
