Solid-State Reaction and Characterization of Barium Titanate in Water Vapor Atmosphere

Abstract

Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction of BaCO₃ and TiO₂ in air or water vapor atmosphere. The formation rate of BaTiO₃ was accelerated by water vapor. BaTiO₃ was obtained in single phase at 800ºC for 2 h in water vapor atmosphere, while calcination time was required for 5 h to get BaTiO₃ single phase in air. BaTiO₃ powders with high tetragonality were obtained at low temperatures in water vapor atmosphere in comparison with in air.