Theoretical vs. Empirical Contributions in Formal Political Analysis: A Tradeoff

Abstract

　This paper discusses the relationship between formal and quantitative analysis in political science from the point of view of the formal modeler. The first part details the two theoretical benefits of formal models that have no impact on empirical analysis: (i) the indication of each political system's important characteristics and (ii) normative analysis. In the second part, I discuss whether we should start analysis with formal or quantitative analysis when writing a paper based on theory and evidence. If we start with the construction of a formal model, we tend to face many difficulties, such as a scarcity of data. On the other hand, if we start with quantitative analysis, we tend to have less theoretical benefits, and readers may feel that a formal model is not necessary. Therefore, researchers should balance between theoretical and empirical contributions.