Abstract
It is postulated that the social reproduction is possible when the three relations of social configuration corresponding to market, obligatory and communal relations are integrated. This idea is not definite because of the following two problems. First, it is only an intuitive suggestion that the three relations are integrated for the realization of the social reproduction. Second, it is not discussed how the three relations are integrated. Using multi-agent simulations, this paper shows that an artificial society based on the three relations of social configuration functioning in balance with each other formed a sustainable society which the social reproduction is possible. In these simulations, an artificial society based on the market relations is termed "market based society", and agents trade their own interest based on their utility function. In the market based society, weak agents who cannot perform transactions die. An artificial society based on the obligatory relations is termed "redistribution society". All weak agents receive benefits financed by taxes imposed on incomes and trade. However, if tax revenue is insufficient, the public finance gives priority to the assistance measures even if it results in a budget deficit. If there are many weak agents, then the fiscal deficit increases. An artificial society based on the communal relations is termed "unselfish society". In this society, agents undertake unselfish actions by sharing their surplus with weak agents only when they receive a sufficiently large income, but it is impossible to provide assistance to all weak agents using only the unselfish actions. A society that functions by integrating these three relations of social configuration is called a "society integrating three social relations". In this society, weak agents are assisted by unselfish actions and weak agents not receiving this assistance are helped from the tax revenues even at a risk of running a fiscal deficit. The society able to maintain the survival of all agents without a public finance deficit (i. e., sustainable society) is only the society integrating three social relations. Furthermore, the effect asset inequality has on the society integrating three social relations is analyzed. It is shown that it is possible for a sustainable society to decrease in asset inequality and at the same time increase economic activity.
