Instar judgement factors for the nymphs of the smokybrown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, without using head-width measurement

Abstract

Quick instar judgement factors without using head-width measurement are described for the smokybrown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa. Body color and pattern are useful for younger instar judgement. Pronotum width can be used as a stable factor to revise unstable body size judgement. The white or pale part of the antennae can also be used.