Abstract
Summary: Recent molecular phylogenetic studies are rapidly and drastically changing systems of classification, which had long developed by the progress of morphological studies. Notably, it has become clear that Arnborella is the basalmost genus in angiosperm evolution, followed by the divergent of Nymphaeales and Illiciales. Monocotyledons are derived from the subsequently diverged clade called eumagnollids. Based on phylogenetic trees, we now can try studies on character evolution starting from the basalmost plant group toward derived ones. On the other hand, some higher taxa like“Liliaceae”, “Euphorbiaceae”, and“Flacourtiaceae” are split into two or many more segregates that may be positioned as separate families or assigned to already known families. Many such families with additional genera or losing genera need critical morphological studies for revision of their respective circumscriptions.