2005 Volume 28 Pages 229
In Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, there are many sectional cracks in curve sections and 45-degree inclined cracks in cross sections of shield tunnel sewers, and many partial crashes as well as general crushes in transmission mountain tunnels. Damages in a longitudinal direction in pipelines were also featured. Moreover, slope failures caused by damaged water pipe in earth filling slopes of roads increased. In mid Niigata Earthquake in 2004, damages on sewers affected by soil liquefaction, and degradation of downstream water resource caused by damaged sewerage treatment plants were featured as the secondary disaster. In Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami, cracks in elevated water reservoirs caused by bending moments probably affected by long term earthquake motion occurred. Pipe bridges for water supply were washed out by the tsunami. There happened coastal erosion and road severance caused by the tsunami of over 20 meters high in the western coast. These facts will raise similar issues on damages on pipelines and wastewater treatment plant in the next Toukai and Tou-Nankai Earthquakes envisioned in the near future.
