Abstract
Since the study of mithocondrial DNA regarding the origin of modern humans, the fate of the Neandertal has been debated. Currently, two famous models are present such as the Out of Africa model and the Multiregional Evolution model.
This papar reviewed the past and current studies of morphological research on the Neandertal and the new dating of the several sites in Europe and Mddle East. Also, tested the ecological theory of symbiosis hypothesis (mutualism and commensalism) and competition hypothesis (habitat segregation and food segregation). Only Out of Africa model is applicable to both symbiosis hypothesis and competition hypothesis.
The present author favored the competition hypothesis.
