Abstract
This article discussed “Theory of Mind”, especially those aspects that concern an deception, understanding of the seeing-knowing relationship, joint visual attention, and pointing in primates, with reference to several experimental studies. These investigations suggest that chimpanzees are capable of understanding other conspecifics' knowledge, but not that of human, while monkeys have an ability for joint visual attention with conspecifics, but less evidence with humans, except one paper. However, we need to develop more sophisticated test and collect data from many species of primates to identify what species possess which aspects of mental state attribution and at what point during development.
