Abstract
The current status of the ion channel researches is reviewed, particularly in relation to understanding of pathophysiology of ion channel-related diseases. Whereas ion channels are engaged in various cellular functions, they play the central role in the regulation of electrical activities of excitable cells, which include generation and propagation of action potentials. Further more, ion channels play essential roles in secretion/release of hormones/neurotransmitter and in sensing environmental factors, which include temperature, cell volume, redox status, etc.
Recent advances in molecular genetics have led to discoveries of a number of gene mutations associated with channel-related diseases, but the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the disorders are not always evident. Recombinant expression of ion channels is now a routine work. Accurate measurements of channel functions are an essential part of the investigation. Use of mutant model animals is useful in understanding effects of the mutations at the tissue/organ levels. But when the system becomes more complicated, it is necessary to put various elements together. Computer simulation will be a powerful tool for such a purpose. One of the most successful applications is the simulation of cardiac cells. Several models have been proposed and they are very helpful to correlate changes in channel property with generation of arrhythmias.
Cooperative studies involving various approaches are necessary to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of ion channel disorders and to develop better methods of their treatments. [Jpn J Physiol 54 Suppl:S4 (2004)]
