CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION BASED ON POSITIVELY REINFORCING INTRACRANIAL STIMULATION

Y. MATSUMIYA; J. W. KLING

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.12.26

Y. MATSUMIYA, J. W. KLING

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1970 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 26-35

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.12.26

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Published: 1970 Received: April 30, 1970 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Food-reinforced barpressing behavior of rats was suppressed when a sound pre-viously had been paired with posterior hypothalamic stimulation was activated by each barpress. This suppression was not observed in groups in which septal stimulation was used, or in which 200 “free” posterior hypothalamic stimula-tions were given before pairing. However, the suppression did appear if animals were anesthetized during the “free” posterior hypothalamic stimulations. In later self-stimulation tests, intracranial stimuli at both sites were revealed as positively reinforcing. It is hypothesized that posterior hypothalamic stimula-tion initially has aversive components but that these diminish with additional stimulations. This shift in the characteristics of the stimulation does not seem attributable to tissue changes in the brain.
Right : Food-reinforced barpressing behavior of rats was suppressed when a sound previously had been paired with posterior hypothalamic stimulation was activated by each barpress. This suppression was not observed in groups in which septal stimulation was used, or in which 200 “free” posterior hypothalamic stimulations were given before pairing. However, the suppression did appear if animals were anesthetized during the “free” posterior hypothalamic stimulations. In later self-stimulation tests, intracranial stimuli at both sites were revealed as positively reinforcing. It is hypothesized that posterior hypothalamic stimulation initially has aversive components but that these diminish with additional stimulations. This shift in the characteristics of the stimulation does not seem attributable to tissue changes in the brain.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : Y. MATSUMIYA¹⁾, J. W. KLING²⁾
Right : Y. MATSUMIYA¹⁾, J. W. KLING¹⁾

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) W. S. Hunter Laboratory of Psychology, Brown University
2) Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School

Right :
1) W. S. Hunter Laboratory of Psychology, Brown University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : ALBERTS, W. W. 1958 A stimulus pulse polarity reversal unit. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol., 10, 172-173.
BOWER, G. H., & MILLER, N. E. 1958 Rewarding and punishing effects from stimulating the same place in the rat's brain. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51, 669-6743.
BRADY, J. V., & CONRAD, D. G. 1960 Some effects of limbic system self-stimulation upon conditioned emotional behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 128-137.
BROWN, G. W., & COHEN, B. D. 1959 Avoidance and approach learning motivated by stimulation of identical hypothalamic loci. Amer. J. Physiol., 197, 153-157.
DE GROOT, J. 1959 The Rat Forebrain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. N. V. Noord-Hollandsche Uigevers Maatschappij, Amsterdam.
HESS, W. R. 1949 Dass Zwischenhirn. Benno Schwabe, Basel.
HODOS, W., & VALENSTEIN, E. S. 1962 An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 55, 80-84.
HOEBEL, B. G., & TEITELBAUM, P. 1962. Hypothalamic control of feeding and self-stimulation. Science, 135, 375-377.
HUNT, H. F., JERNBERG, P., & BRADY, J. V. 1952 The effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on a conditioned emotional response: The effect of post-ESC extinction on the reappearance of the response. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 45, 589-599.
KEESEY, R. E. II. 1962. The relation between pulse frequency, intensity, and duration and the rate of responding for intracranial stimulation., J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 55, 671-678.
KEYS, N. W. 1963 Secondary reinforcement and reinforcing intracranial stimulation. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of North Carolina (Chapel Hill).
KLING, J. W., & MATSUMIYA, Y. 1962 Relative reinforcement values of food and intracranial stimulation. Science, 135, 668-670.
KNOTT, P. D., & CLAYTON, K. N. 1966 Durable secondary reinforcement using brain stimulation as the primary reinforcer. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 61, 151-153.
MATSUMIYA, Y. 1960 The effects of US intensity and CS-US pattern on the conditioned emotioneal response., Jap. psychol. Res., 2, 35-42.
MOGENSON, G. J. 1965 An attempt to establish secondary reinforcement with rewarding brain stimulation. Psychol. Rep., 16, 163-167.
MOWRER, O. H., & Aiken, E. G. 1954 Contiguity vs. drive-reduction in conditioned fear: variations in conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Amer. J. Psychol., 67, 26-38.
OLDS, M. E., & OLDS, J. 1963 Approach-avoidance analysis of the rat diencephalon. J Comp. Neurol., 120, 259-295.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958a Both rewarding and punishing effects from stimulation of posterior hypothalamus of cat with same electrode at same intensity., J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 400-407.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958b Rapid escape learning without avoidance learning motivated by hypothalamic stimulation in cats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 391-399.
SEWARD, J. P., UYEDA, A., & OLDS, J. 1959 Resistance to extinction following cranial self-stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 52, 294-299.
SMITH, O. A. 1956 Stimulation of lateral and medial hypothalamus and food intake in the rat. Anat. Rec., 124, 363-364.
STEIN, L. 1958 Secondary reinforcement established with subcortical stimulation. Science, 127, 466-467.
STEINER, S. S., & D'AMATO, M. R. 1964 Rewarding and aversive effects of amygdaloid self-stimulation as a function of current in-tensity. Psychon. Sci. 1, 27-28.
STEINER, S. S., BEER, B., & SHAFFER, M. M. 1968 Escape from self-produced rates of brain stimulation. Science, 163, 90-91.
WURTZ, R. H., & OLDS, J. 1963 Amygdaloid stimulation and operant reinforcement in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 941-949.
WYRWICKA, W., & DOBRZECKA, C. 1960 Relationship between feeding and satiation centers of the hypothalamus. Science, 132, 805-806.

Right : ALBERTS, W. W. 1958 A stimulus pulse polarity reversal unit. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol., 10, 172-173.
BOWER, G. H., & MILLER, N. E. 1958 Rewarding and punishing effects from stimulating the same place in the rat's brain. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51, 669-674.
BRADY, J. V., & CONRAD, D. G. 1960 Some effects of limbic system self-stimulation upon conditioned emotional behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 128-137.
BROWN, G. W., & COHEN, B. D. 1959 Avoidance and approach learning motivated by stimulation of identical hypothalamic loci. Amer. J. Physiol., 197, 153-157.
DE GROOT, J. 1959 The Rat Forebrain in Stereotoxic Coordinates. N. V. Noord-Hollandsche Uigevers Maatschappij, Amsterdam.
HESS, W. R. 1949 Doss Zwischenhirn. Benno Schwabe, Basel.
HODOS, W., & VALENSTEIN, E. S. 1962 An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 55, 80-84.
HOEBEL, B. G., & TEITELBAUM, P.1962. Hypothalamic control of feeding and self-stimulation. Science, 135, 375-377.
HUNT, H. F., JERNBERG, P., & BRADY, J. V. 1952 The effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on a conditioned emotional response: The effect of post-ESC extinction on the reappearance of the response. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 45, 589-599.
KEESEY, R. E. II. 1962. The relation between pulse frequency, intensity, and duration and the rate of responding for intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 55, 671-678.
KEYS, N. W. 1963 Secondary reinforcement and reinforcing intracranial stimulation. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of North Carolina (Chapel Hill).
KLING, J. W., & MATSUMIYA, Y. 1962 Relative reinforcement values of food and intracranial stimulation. Science, 135, 668-670.
KNOTT, P. D., & CLAYTON, K. N. 1966 Durable secondary reinforcement using brain stimulation as the primary reinforcer. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 61, 151-153.
MATSUMIYA, Y. 1960 The effects of US intensity and CS-US pattern on the conditioned emotioneal response. Jap. psychol. Res., 2, 35-42.
MOGENSON, G. J. 1965 An attempt to establish secondary reinforcement with rewarding brain stimulation. Psychol. Rep., 16, 163-167.
MOWRER, O. H., & Aiken, E. G. 1954 Contiguity vs. drive-reduction in conditioned fear: variations in conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Amer. J. Psychol., 67, 26-38.
OLDS, M. E., & OLDS, J. 1963 Approachavoidance analysis of the rat diencephalon. J. Comp. Neurol., 120, 259-295.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958a Both rewarding and punishing effects from stimulation of posterior hypothalamus of cat with same electrode at same intensity. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 400-407.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958b Rapid escape learning without avoidance learning motivated by hypothalamic stimulation in cats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 391-399.
SEWARD, J. P., UYEDA, A., & OLDS, J. 1959 Resistance to extinction following cranial selfstimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 52, 294-299.
SMITH, O. A. 1956 Stimulation of lateral and medial hypothalamus and food intake in the rat. Anat. Rec., 124, 363-364.
STEIN, L. 1958 Secondary reinforcement established with subcortical stimulation. Science, 127, 466-467.
STEINER, S. S., & D'AMATO, M. R. 1964 Rewarding and aversive effects of amygdaloid self-stimulation as a function of current intensity. Psychon. Sci. 1, 27-28.
STEINER, S. S., BEER, B., & SHAFFER, M. M. 1968 Escape from self-produced rates of brain stimulation. Science, 163, 90-91.
WURTZ, R. H., & OLDS, J. 1963 Amygdaloid stimulation and operant reinforcement in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 941-949.
WYRWICICA, W., & DOBRZECKA, C. 1960 Relationship between feeding and satiation centers of the hypothalamus. Science, 132, 805-806.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : ALBERTS, W. W. 1958 A stimulus pulse polarity reversal unit. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol., 10, 172-173.
BOWER, G. H., & MILLER, N. E. 1958 Rewarding and punishing effects from stimulating the same place in the rat's brain. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51, 669-674.
BRADY, J. V., & CONRAD, D. G. 1960 Some effects of limbic system self-stimulation upon conditioned emotional behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 128-137.
BROWN, G. W., & COHEN, B. D. 1959 Avoidance and approach learning motivated by stimulation of identical hypothalamic loci. Amer. J. Physiol., 197, 153-157.
DE GROOT, J. 1959 The Rat Forebrain in Stereotoxic Coordinates. N. V. Noord-Hollandsche Uigevers Maatschappij, Amsterdam.
HESS, W. R. 1949 Doss Zwischenhirn. Benno Schwabe, Basel.
HODOS, W., & VALENSTEIN, E. S. 1962 An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 55, 80-84.
HOEBEL, B. G., & TEITELBAUM, P.1962. Hypothalamic control of feeding and self-stimulation. Science, 135, 375-377.
HUNT, H. F., JERNBERG, P., & BRADY, J. V. 1952 The effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on a conditioned emotional response: The effect of post-ESC extinction on the reappearance of the response. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 45, 589-599.
KEESEY, R. E. II. 1962. The relation between pulse frequency, intensity, and duration and the rate of responding for intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 55, 671-678.
KEYS, N. W. 1963 Secondary reinforcement and reinforcing intracranial stimulation. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of North Carolina (Chapel Hill).
KLING, J. W., & MATSUMIYA, Y. 1962 Relative reinforcement values of food and intracranial stimulation. Science, 135, 668-670.
KNOTT, P. D., & CLAYTON, K. N. 1966 Durable secondary reinforcement using brain stimulation as the primary reinforcer. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 61, 151-153.
MATSUMIYA, Y. 1960 The effects of US intensity and CS-US pattern on the conditioned emotioneal response. Jap. psychol. Res., 2, 35-42.
MOGENSON, G. J. 1965 An attempt to establish secondary reinforcement with rewarding brain stimulation. Psychol. Rep., 16, 163-167.
MOWRER, O. H., & Aiken, E. G. 1954 Contiguity vs. drive-reduction in conditioned fear: variations in conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Amer. J. Psychol., 67, 26-38.
OLDS, M. E., & OLDS, J. 1963 Approachavoidance analysis of the rat diencephalon. J. Comp. Neurol., 120, 259-295.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958a Both rewarding and punishing effects from stimulation of posterior hypothalamus of cat with same electrode at same intensity. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 400-407.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958b Rapid escape learning without avoidance learning motivated by hypothalamic stimulation in cats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 391-399.
SEWARD, J. P., UYEDA, A., & OLDS, J. 1959 Resistance to extinction following cranial selfstimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 52, 294-299.
SMITH, O. A. 1956 Stimulation of lateral and medial hypothalamus and food intake in the rat. Anat. Rec., 124, 363-364.
STEIN, L. 1958 Secondary reinforcement established with subcortical stimulation. Science, 127, 466-467.
STEINER, S. S., & D'AMATO, M. R. 1964 Rewarding and aversive effects of amygdaloid self-stimulation as a function of current intensity. Psychon. Sci. 1, 27-28.
STEINER, S. S., BEER, B., & SHAFFER, M. M. 1968 Escape from self-produced rates of brain stimulation. Science, 163, 90-91.
WURTZ, R. H., & OLDS, J. 1963 Amygdaloid stimulation and operant reinforcement in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 941-949.
WYRWICICA, W., & DOBRZECKA, C. 1960 Relationship between feeding and satiation centers of the hypothalamus. Science, 132, 805-806.

Right : ALBERTS, W. W. 1958 A stimulus pulse polarity reversal unit. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol., 10, 172-173.
BOWER, G. H., & MILLER, N. E. 1958 Rewarding and punishing effects from stimulating the same place in the rat's brain. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51, 669-674.
BRADY, J. V., & CONRAD, D. G. 1960 Some effects of limbic system self-stimulation upon conditioned emotional behavior. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 128-137.
BROWN, G. W., & COHEN, B. D. 1959 Avoidance and approach learning motivated by stimulation of identical hypothalamic loci. Amer. J. Physiol., 197, 153-157.
DE GROOT, J. 1959 The Rat Forebrain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. N. V. Noord-Hollandsche Uigevers Maatschappij, Amsterdam.
HESS, W. R. 1949 Dass Zwischenhirn. Benno Schwabe, Basel.
HODOS, W., & VALENSTEIN, E. S. 1962 An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 55, 80-84.
HOEBEL, B. G., & TEITELBAUM, P.1962. Hypothalamic control of feeding and self-stimulation. Science, 135, 375-377.
HUNT, H. F., JERNBERG, P., & BRADY, J. V. 1952 The effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on a conditioned emotional response: The effect of post-ESC extinction on the reappearance of the response. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 45, 589-599.
KEESEY, R. E. II. 1962. The relation between pulse frequency, intensity, and duration and the rate of responding for intracranial stimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 55, 671-678.
KEYS, N. W. 1963 Secondary reinforcement and reinforcing intracranial stimulation. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of North Carolina (Chapel Hill).
KLING, J. W., & MATSUMIYA, Y. 1962 Relative reinforcement values of food and intracranial stimulation. Science, 135, 668-670.
KNOTT, P. D., & CLAYTON, K. N. 1966 Durable secondary reinforcement using brain stimulation as the primary reinforcer. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 61, 151-153.
MATSUMIYA, Y. 1960 The effects of US intensity and CS-US pattern on the conditioned emotioneal response. Jap. psychol. Res., 2, 35-42.
MOGENSON, G. J. 1965 An attempt to establish secondary reinforcement with rewarding brain stimulation. Psychol. Rep., 16, 163-167.
MOWRER, O. H., & Aiken, E. G. 1954 Contiguity vs. drive-reduction in conditioned fear: variations in conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Amer. J. Psychol., 67, 26-38.
OLDS, M. E., & OLDS, J. 1963 Approach-avoidance analysis of the rat diencephalon. J. Comp. Neurol., 120, 259-295.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958a Both rewarding and punishing effects from stimulation of posterior hypothalamus of cat with same electrode at same intensity. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 400-407.
ROBERTS, W. W. 1958b Rapid escape learning without avoidance learning motivated by hypothalamic stimulation in cats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 391-399.
SEWARD, J. P., UYEDA, A., & OLDS, J. 1959 Resistance to extinction following cranial selfstimulation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 52, 294-299.
SMITH, O. A. 1956 Stimulation of lateral and medial hypothalamus and food intake in the rat. Anat. Rec., 124, 363-364.
STEIN, L. 1958 Secondary reinforcement established with subcortical stimulation. Science, 127, 466-467.
STEINER, S. S., & D'AMATO, M. R. 1964 Rewarding and aversive effects of amygdaloid self-stimulation as a function of current intensity. Psychon. Sci. 1, 27-28.
STEINER, S. S., BEER, B., & SHAFFER, M. M. 1968 Escape from self-produced rates of brain stimulation. Science, 163, 90-91.
WURTZ, R. H., & OLDS, J. 1963 Amygdaloid stimulation and operant reinforcement in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 941-949.
WYRWICKA, W., & DOBRZECKA, C. 1960 Relationship between feeding and satiation centers of the hypothalamus. Science, 132, 805-806.

Abstract

Food-reinforced barpressing behavior of rats was suppressed when a sound previously had been paired with posterior hypothalamic stimulation was activated by each barpress. This suppression was not observed in groups in which septal stimulation was used, or in which 200 “free” posterior hypothalamic stimulations were given before pairing. However, the suppression did appear if animals were anesthetized during the “free” posterior hypothalamic stimulations. In later self-stimulation tests, intracranial stimuli at both sites were revealed as positively reinforcing. It is hypothesized that posterior hypothalamic stimulation initially has aversive components but that these diminish with additional stimulations. This shift in the characteristics of the stimulation does not seem attributable to tissue changes in the brain.

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