BRIGHTNESS CHANGES IN A COMPLEX FIELD WITH CHANGING ILLUMINATION A RE-EXAMINATION OF JAMESON AND HURVICH'S STUDY OF BRIGHTNESS CONSTANCY

KAORU NOGUCHI; NAOE MASUDA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.13.60

BRIGHTNESS CHANGES IN A COMPLEX FIELD WITH CHANGING ILLUMINATION

A RE-EXAMINATION OF JAMESON AND HURVICH'S STUDY OF BRIGHTNESS CONSTANCY

KAORU NOGUCHI, NAOE MASUDA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1971 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 60-69

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.13.60

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Published: 1971 Received: June 25, 1971 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : A configuration of 5 Munsell neutral gray squares on a gray and white background and a modulus were haploscopically presented to 12 Ss. Each S made brightness estimates for the squares, their background, and the illumination of total field when illuminance was varied in 3 steps over 1. 2 log units. Linear brightness functions were obtained on a log-log plot, where brightness estimates were plotted against illuminance. Mean slopes systematically decreased as the reflectance of test region became lower, but none were negative. The failure to find negative slopes would be a difficulty for Jameson and Hurvich's opponent-process model. Some problematic issues concerning brightness constancy and contrast were discussed.
Right : A configuration of 5 Munsell neutral gray squares on a gray and white background and a modulus were haploscopically presented to 12 Ss. Each S made brightness estimates for the squares, their background, and the illumination of total field when illuminance was varied in 3 steps over 1.2 log units. Linear brightness functions were obtained on a log-log plot, where brightness estimates were plotted against illuminance. Mean slopes systematically decreased as the reflectance of test region became lower, but none were negative. The failure to find negative slopes would be a difficulty for Jameson and Hurvich's opponent-process model. Some problematic issues concerning brightness constancy and contrast were discussed.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : KAORU NOGUCHI¹⁾, NAOE MASUDA¹⁾²⁾
Right : KAORU NOGUCHI¹⁾, NAOE MASUDA¹⁾

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Chiba University
2) Keio University

Right :
1) Chiba University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BARTLESON, C. J., & BRENEMAN, E. J. 1967 Brightness perception in complex fields., J. opt. Soc. Amer., 57, 953-957.
BROWN, J. L., & MUELLER, C. G. 1965 Brightness discrimination and brightness contrast. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp. 208-250.
CORNSWEET, T. N. 1970 Visual perception. New York: Academic Press.
FLOCK, H. R. 1970 Jameson and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 118-124.
FLOCK, H. R., & NOGUCHI, K. 1970 An experimental test of Jameson and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8,129-136.
FREEMAN, R. B., Jr. 1967 Contrast interpretation of brightness constancy. Psychol. Bull., 67, 165-187.
GELB, A. 1929 Die “Farbenkonstanz” der Sehdinge. In A. Bethe, G. V. Bergmann, G. Embden, & A. Ellinger (Eds.), Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologies. Vol. 12, Part I. Berlin: Springer, Pp. 594-678.
GRAHAM, C. H., & BROWN, J. L. 1965 Color contrast and color appearances: Brightness constancy and color constancy. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp. 452-478.
HANO, A. 1959 The role of background in brightness constancy., jap., J. Psychol., 30, 189-197.
HEINEMANN, E. 1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and test-field luminance. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HELSON, H. 1943 Some factors and implications of color constancy. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 33, 555-567.
HELSON, H. 1968 Constancy. International encyclopedia of the social sciences. New York: Macmillan & Free Press, 11, Pp. 544-546.
HSIA, Y. 1943 Whiteness constancy as a function of difference in illumination. Arch. Psychol., N. Y., No. 284.
HURVICH, L. M., & JAMESON, D. 1966 The perception of brightness and darkness. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961a Complexities of perceived brightness. Science, 133, 174-179.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961b Opponent-colors theory and physiological mechanisms. In R. Jung & H. Kornhuber (Eds.), The visual system: Neurophysiology and psychophysics. Berlin: Springer, Pp. 152-161.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1964 Theory of brightness and color contrast in human vision. Vision Res., 4, 135-154.
KATZ, D. 1935 The world of colour. (Translated by R. B. MacLeod) London: Kegan Paul.
KOFFKA, K. 1935 Principles of Gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
KOZAKI, A. 1963 A further study in the relationship between brightness constancy and contrast. Jap. psychol. Res., 5, 129-136.
KOZAKI, A. 1965 The effect of co-existent stimuli other than test stimulus on brightness constancy., Jap. Psychol. Res., 7, 138-147.
KOZAKI, A. 1969 Brightness constancy. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishin-shobo, Pp. 290-301. (In Japanese)
KOZAKI, T. 1969 Brightness contrast. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo : Seishin-shobo, Pp. 281-289. (In Japanese)
LEIBOWITZ, H., MYERS, N. A., & CHINETTI, P. 1955 The role of simultaneous contrast in brightness constancy. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 15-18.
ÖHMURA, T. 1961 Experimental studies on brightness constancy. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Experimental researches on the structure of the perceptual space. IV. Bull. Fac. Lit., Kyushu Univ., 7, 103-143.
OYAMA, T. 1968 Stimulus determinants of brightness constancy and the perception of illumination. Jap. psychol. Res., 10, 146-155.
SAUNDERS, J. E. 1968 Adaptation, its effect on apparent brightness and contribution to the phenomenon of brightness constancy. Vision Res., 8, 451-468.
STEVENS, S. S. 1961 To honor Fechner and repeal his law. Science, 133, 80-86.
WALLACH, H. 1948 Brightness constancy and the nature of achromatic colors. J. exp. Psychol., 38, 310-324.
WOODWORTH, R. S., & SCHLOSBERG, H. 1954 Experimental psychology. New York: Holt.

Right : BARTLESON, C. J., & BRENEMAN, E. J. 1967 Brightness perception in complex fields. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 57, 953-957.
BROWN, J. L., & MUELLER, C. G. 1965 Brightness discrimination and brightness contrast. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp.208-250.
CORNSWEET, T. N. 1970 Visual perception. New York: Academic Press.
FLOCK, H. R. 1970 Jameson. and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 118-124.
FLOCK, H. R., & NOGUCHI, K. 1970 An experimental test of Jameson and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 129-136.
FREEMAN, R. B., Jr. 1967 Contrast interpretation of brightness constancy. Psychol. Bull., 67, 165-187.
GELB, A. 1929 Die “Farbenkonstanz” der Sehdinge. In A. Bethe, G. V. Bergmann, G. Embden, & A. Ellinger (Eds.), Handbuch der normalen and pathologischen Physiologies. Vol.12, Part I. Berlin: Springer, Pp.594-678.
GRAHAM, C. H., & BROWN, J. L. 1965 Color contrast and color appearances: Brightness constancy and color constancy. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp.452-478.
HANO, A. 1959 The role of background in brightness constancy. Jap. J. Psychol., 30, 189-197.
HEINEMANN, E.1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and testfield luminance. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HELSON, H. 1943 Some factors and implications of color constancy. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 33, 555-567.
HELSON, H. 1968 Constancy. International encyclopedia of the social sciences. New York: Macmillan & Free Press, 11, Pp.544-546.
HSIA, Y. 1943 Whiteness constancy as a function of difference in illumination. Arch. Psychol., N. Y., No.284.
HURVICH, L. M., & JAMESON, D. 1966 The perception of brightness and darkness. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961a Complexities of perceived brightness. Science, 133, 174-179.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961b Opponent-colors theory and physiological mechanisms. In R. Jung & H. Kornhuber (Eds.), The visual system: Neurophysiology and psychophysics. Berlin: Springer, Pp.152-161.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1964 Theory of brightness and color contrast in human vision. Vision Res., 4, 135-154.
KATZ, D. 1935 The world of colour. (Translated by R. B. MacLeod) London: Kegan Paul.
KOFFKA, K. 1935 Principles of Gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
KOZAKI, A. 1963 A further study in the relationship between brightness constancy and contrast. Jap. psychol. Res., 5, 129-136.
KOZAKI, A. 1965 The effect of co-existent stimuli other than test stimulus on brightness constancy., Jap. psychol. Res., 7, 138-147.
KOZAKI, A. 1969 Brightness constancy. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo, Pp.290-301. (In Japanese)
KOZAKI, T. 1969 Brightness contrast. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo, Pp.281-289. (In Japanese)
LEIBOWITZ, H., MYERS N. A., & CHINETTI, P. 1955 The role of simultaneous contrast in brightness constancy. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 15-18.
ÖHMURA, T. 1961 Experimental studies on brightness constancy. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Experimental researches on the structure of the perceptual space. IV. Bull. Fac. Lit., Kyushu Univ., 7, 103-143.
OYAMA, T. 1968 Stimulus determinants of brightness constancy and the perception of illumination. Jap. Psychol. Res., 10, 146-155.
SAUNDERS, J. E. 1968 Adaptation, its effect on apparent brightness and contribution to the phenomenon of brightness constancy. Vision Res., 8, 451-468.
STEVENS, S. S. 1961 To honor Fechner and repeal his law. Science, 133, 80-86.
WALLACH, H. 1948 Brightness constancy and the nature of achromatic colors. J. exp. Psychol., 38, 310-324.
WOODWORTH, R. S., & SCHLOSBERC, H. 1954 Experimental psychology. New York: Holt.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : A configuration of 5 Munsell neutral gray squares on a gray and white background and a modulus were haploscopically presented to 12 Ss. Each S made brightness estimates for the squares, their background, and the illumination of total field when illuminance was varied in 3 steps over 1.2 log units. Linear brightness functions were obtained on a log-log plot, where brightness estimates were plotted against illuminance. Mean slopes systematically decreased as the reflectance of test region became lower, but none were negative. The failure to find negative slopes would be a difficulty for Jameson and Hurvich's opponent-process model. Some problematic issues concerning brightness constancy and contrast were discussed.
Right : A configuration of 5 Munsell neutral gray squares on a gray and white background and a modulus were haploscopically presented to 12 Ss. Each S made brightness estimates for the squares, their background, and the illumination of total field when illuminance was varied in 3 steps over 1.2 log units. Linear brightness functions were obtained on a log-log plot, where brightness estimates were plotted against illuminance. Mean slopes systematically decreased as the reflectance of test region became lower, but none were negative. The failure to find negative slopes would be a difficulty for Jameson and Hurvich's opponentprocess model. Some problematic issues concerning brightness constancy and contrast were discussed.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BARTLESON, C. J., & BRENEMAN, E. J. 1967 Brightness perception in complex fields. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 57, 953-957.
BROWN, J. L., & MUELLER, C. G. 1965 Brightness discrimination and brightness contrast. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp.208-250.
CORNSWEET, T. N. 1970 Visual perception. New York: Academic Press.
FLOCK, H. R. 1970 Jameson. and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 118-124.
FLOCK, H. R., & NOGUCHI, K. 1970 An experimental test of Jameson and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 129-136.
FREEMAN, R. B., Jr. 1967 Contrast interpretation of brightness constancy. Psychol. Bull., 67, 165-187.
GELB, A. 1929 Die “Farbenkonstanz” der Sehdinge. In A. Bethe, G. V. Bergmann, G. Embden, & A. Ellinger (Eds.), Handbuch der normalen and pathologischen Physiologies. Vol.12, Part I. Berlin: Springer, Pp.594-678.
GRAHAM, C. H., & BROWN, J. L. 1965 Color contrast and color appearances: Brightness constancy and color constancy. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp.452-478.
HANO, A. 1959 The role of background in brightness constancy. Jap. J. Psychol., 30, 189-197.
HEINEMANN, E.1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and testfield luminance. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HELSON, H. 1943 Some factors and implications of color constancy. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 33, 555-567.
HELSON, H. 1968 Constancy. International encyclopedia of the social sciences. New York: Macmillan & Free Press, 11, Pp.544-546.
HSIA, Y. 1943 Whiteness constancy as a function of difference in illumination. Arch. Psychol., N. Y., No.284.
HURVICH, L. M., & JAMESON, D. 1966 The perception of brightness and darkness. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961a Complexities of perceived brightness. Science, 133, 174-179.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961b Opponent-colors theory and physiological mechanisms. In R. Jung & H. Kornhuber (Eds.), The visual system: Neurophysiology and psychophysics. Berlin: Springer, Pp.152-161.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1964 Theory of brightness and color contrast in human vision. Vision Res., 4, 135-154.
KATZ, D. 1935 The world of colour. (Translated by R. B. MacLeod) London: Kegan Paul.
KOFFKA, K. 1935 Principles of Gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
KOZAKI, A. 1963 A further study in the relationship between brightness constancy and contrast. Jap. psychol. Res., 5, 129-136.
KOZAKI, A. 1965 The effect of co-existent stimuli other than test stimulus on brightness constancy., Jap. psychol. Res., 7, 138-147.
KOZAKI, A. 1969 Brightness constancy. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo, Pp.290-301. (In Japanese)
KOZAKI, T. 1969 Brightness contrast. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo, Pp.281-289. (In Japanese)
LEIBOWITZ, H., MYERS N. A., & CHINETTI, P. 1955 The role of simultaneous contrast in brightness constancy. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 15-18.
ÖHMURA, T. 1961 Experimental studies on brightness constancy. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Experimental researches on the structure of the perceptual space. IV. Bull. Fac. Lit., Kyushu Univ., 7, 103-143.
OYAMA, T. 1968 Stimulus determinants of brightness constancy and the perception of illumination. Jap. Psychol. Res., 10, 146-155.
SAUNDERS, J. E. 1968 Adaptation, its effect on apparent brightness and contribution to the phenomenon of brightness constancy. Vision Res., 8, 451-468.
STEVENS, S. S. 1961 To honor Fechner and repeal his law. Science, 133, 80-86.
WALLACH, H. 1948 Brightness constancy and the nature of achromatic colors. J. exp. Psychol., 38, 310-324.
WOODWORTH, R. S., & SCHLOSBERC, H. 1954 Experimental psychology. New York: Holt.

Right : BARTLESON, C. J., & BRENEMAN, E.J. 1967 Brightness perception in complex fields. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 57, 953-957.
BROWN, J. L., & MUELLER, C. G. 1965 Brightness discrimination and brightness contrast. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp. 208-250.
CORNSWEET, T. N. 1970 Visual perception. New York: Academic Press.
FLOCK, H. R. 1970 Jameson. and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 118-124.
FLOCK, H. R., & NOGUCHI, K. 1970 An experimental test of Jameson and Hurvich's theory of brightness contrast. Percept. Psychophys., 8, 129-136.
FREEMAN, R. B., Jr. 1967 Contrast interpretation of brightness constancy. Psychol. Bull., 67, 165-187.
GELB, A. 1929 Die “Farbenkonstanz” der Sehdinge. In A. Bethe, G. V. Bergmann, G. Embden, & A. Ellinger (Eds.), Handbuch der normalen and pathologischen Physiologies. Vol.12, Part I. Berlin: Springer, Pp. 594-678.
GRAHAM, C. H., & BROWN, J. L. 1965 Color contrast and color appearances: Brightness constancy and color constancy. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley, Pp. 452-478.
HANO, A. 1959 The role of background in brightness constancy. Jap. J. Psychol., 30, 189-197.
HEINEMANN, E. 1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and testfield luminance. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HELSON, H. 1943 Some factors and implications of color constancy. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 33, 555-567.
HELSON, H. 1968 Constancy. International encyclopedia of the social sciences. New York: Macmillan & Free Press, 11, Pp. 544-546.
HSIA, Y. 1943 Whiteness constancy as a function of difference in illumination. Arch. Psychol., N. Y., No.284.
HURVICH, L. M., & JAMESON, D. 1966 The perception of brightness and darkness. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961a Complexities of perceived brightness. Science, 133, 174-179.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1961b Opponent-colors theory and physiological mechanisms. In R. Jung & H. Kornhuber (Eds.), The visual system: Neurophysiology and psychophysics. Berlin: Springer, Pp. 152-161.
JAMESON, D., & HURVICH, L. M. 1964 Theory of brightness and color contrast in human vision. Vision Res., 4, 135-154.
KATZ, D. 1935 The world of colour. (Translated by R. B. MacLeod) London: Kegan Paul.
KOFFKA, K. 1935 Principles of Gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
KOZAKI, A. 1963 A further study in the relationship between brightness constancy and contrast. Jap. psychol. Res., 5, 129-136.
KOZAKI, A. 1965 The effect of co-existent stimuli other than test stimulus on brightness constancy. Jap. psychol. Res., 7, 138-147.
KOZAKI, A. 1969 Brightness constancy. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishin-shobo, Pp. 290-301. (In Japanese)
KOZAKI, T. 1969 Brightness contrast. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama, & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishin-shobo, Pp. 281-289. (In Japanese)
LEIBOWITZ, H., MYERS, N.A., & CHINETTI, P. 1955 The role of simultaneous contrast in brightness constancy. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 15-18.
ÖHMURA, T. 1961 Experimental studies on brightness constancy. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Experimental researches on the structure of the perceptual space. IV. Bull. Fac. Lit., Kyushu Univ., 7, 103-143.
OYAMA, T. 1968 Stimulus determinants of brightness constancy and the perception of illumination. Jap. psychol. Res., 10, 146-155.
SAUNDERS, J. E. 1968 Adaptation, its effect on apparent brightness and contribution to the phenomenon of brightness constancy. Vision Res., 8, 451-468.
STEVENS, S. S. 1961 To honor Fechner and repeal his law. Science, 133, 80-86.
WALLACH, H. 1948 Brightness constancy and the nature of achromatic colors. J. exp. Psychol., 38, 310-324.
WOODWORTH, R. S., & SCHLOSBERC, H. 1954 Experimental psychology. New York: Holt.

Abstract

A configuration of 5 Munsell neutral gray squares on a gray and white background and a modulus were haploscopically presented to 12 Ss. Each S made brightness estimates for the squares, their background, and the illumination of total field when illuminance was varied in 3 steps over 1.2 log units. Linear brightness functions were obtained on a log-log plot, where brightness estimates were plotted against illuminance. Mean slopes systematically decreased as the reflectance of test region became lower, but none were negative. The failure to find negative slopes would be a difficulty for Jameson and Hurvich's opponentprocess model. Some problematic issues concerning brightness constancy and contrast were discussed.

Corresponding author

Correction information

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