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THE CER AND BEL AS A FUNCTION OF PREDICTABILITY AND ESCAPABILITY OF AN ELECTRIC SHOCK
HIROSHI IMADA, MASAYOSHI SOGA
Author information
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HIROSHI IMADA
Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University
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MASAYOSHI SOGA
Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University
JOURNAL
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1971 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 115-122
Details
- Published: 1971 Received: August 02, 1971 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The conditioned emotional response (CER) and basal emotional level (BEL) were studied as a function of predictability and escapability of an electric shock in a conditioned suppression situation using 32 rats. One group of rats could escape shock by responding into an escapespace upon receiving shock which was signaled. The other two groups were yoked with the above group with respect to shock experience. But for one of them, shock was unsignaled. There was no significant difference between the two signaled groups with respect to CER. As to BEL, the signaled escapable group was the lowest, the signaledinescapable group was next, and the unsignaledinescapable group was the highest and the differences were all significant.
Right : The conditioned emotional response (CER) and basal emotional level (BEL) were studied as a function of predictability and escapability of an electric shock in a conditioned suppression situation using 32 rats. One group of rats could escape shock by responding into an escape-space upon receiving shock which was signaled. The other two groups were yoked with the above group with respect to shock experience. But for one of them, shock was unsignaled. There was no significant difference between the two signaled groups with respect to CER. As to BEL, the signaled escapable group was the lowest, the signaled-inescapable group was next, and the unsignaled-inescapable group was the highest and the differences were all significant.
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BADIA, P., & CULBERTSON, S. 1970 Behavioraleffects of signaled versus unsignaled shock during escape training in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 72, 216-222.
BADIA, P., CULBERTSON, S., & LEWIS, P. 1971 The relative aversiveness of signaled vs. unsignaled avoidance: An analysis of preference. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1971, 16, 113-121.
BRIMER, C. J., & KAMIN, L. J. 1963 Fear of the CS in avoidance training and fear from a sense of helplessness. Canad. J. Psychol., 17, 188-193.
IMADA, H. 1971 Emotional reactivity and conditionability in four strains of rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. (to be published).
IMADA, H. 1971 Experimental studies on pathological behavior in animals. Shinrigaku Hyoron (Jap. psychol. Rev.). 1971, 14, 3-27.
LOCKARD, J. S. 1963 Choice of a warning signal or no warning signal in an unavoidable shock situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 526-530.
MILLER, N. E. 1969 Psychosomatic effects of specific types of training. In Tobach, E. (Ed.), Experimental approaches to the study of emotional behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 159, 1025-1040.
MILLER, N. E., & WEISS, J. M. 1969. Effects of the somatic or visceral responses to punishment. In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.), Punishment and Aversive Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts,
MIYASHITA, T. 1971 An experiment on “proper control group” in fear conditioning. Unpublished MA thesis, Kwansei Gakuin University.
MOWRER, O. H., & VIEK, P. 1948 An experimental analogue of fear from a sense of helplessness. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 43, 193-200.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P. 1968 Chronic fear produced by unpredictable electric shock. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 66, 402-411.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P. 1969 Control group and conditioning: A comment on operationism. Psychol. Rev., 76, 484-491.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., MAIER, S. E., & SOLOMON, R. L. 1970 Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. In F. R. Brush (Ed.), Aversive Conditioning and Learning. New York: Academic Press.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., & MEYER, B. 1970 Chronic fear and ulcers in rats as a function of the unpredictability of safety. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 202-207.
WEISS, J. M. 1967 A tail electrode for unrestrained rats., J. exp. Anal. Behav., 10, 85-86.
WEISS, J. M. 1968 Effects of coping responses on stress. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 65, 251-260.
WEISS, J. M., STONE, E. A., & HARRELL, N. 1970 Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 72, 153-160.
YOSHIDA, T., KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1969 A methodological study of CER in rats with ‘licking’ as the criterion response. Jap. psychol. Res., 11, 66-75.
Right : BADIA, P., &CULBERTSON, S. 1970 Behavioral effects of signaled versus unsignaled shock during escape training in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 72, 216-222.
BADIA, P., CULBERTSON, S., & LEWIS, P.1971 The relative aversiveness of signaled vs. unsignaled avoidance: An analysis of. J. exp. Anal. Behay., 1971, 16, 113-121.
BRIMER, C. J., & KAMIN, L. J. 1963 Fear of the CS in avoidance training and fear from a sense of helplessness. Gonad. J. Psychol., 17, 188-193.
IMADA, H. 1971 Emotional reactivity and conditionability in four strains of rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol.
IMADA, H. 1971 Experimental studies on pathological behavior in animals. Shinrigaku Hyoron (Jap. psychol. Rev.). 1971, 14, 3-27.
LOCKARD, J. S. 1963 Choice of a warning signal or no warning signal in an unavoidable shock situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 526-530.
MILLER, N. E. 1969 Psychosomatic effects of specific types of training. In Tobach, E. (Ed.), Experimental approaches to the study of emotional behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 159, 1025-1040.
MILLER, N. E., & WEISS, J. M. 1969. Effects of the somatic or visceral responses to punishment. In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.), Punishment and Aversive Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts
MIYASHITA, T. 1971 An experiment on “proper control group” in fear conditioning. Unpublished MA thesis, Kwansei Gakuin University.
MOWRER, O. H., & VIEK, P.1948 An experimental analogue of fear from a sense of helplessness. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 43, 193-200.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P. 1968 Chronic fear produced by unpredictable electric shock. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 66, 402-411.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P. 1969 Control group and conditioning: A comment on operationism. Psychol. Rev., 76, 484 491.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., MAIER, S. E., & SOLOMON, R. L. 1970 Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. In F. R. Brush (Ed.), Aversive Conditioning and Learning. New York: Academic Press.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., & MEYER, B. 1970 Chronic fear and ulcers in rats as a function of the unpredictability of safety. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 202-207.
WEISS, J. M. 1967 A tail electrode for unrestrained rats. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 10, 85-86.
WEISS, J. M. 1968 Effects of coping responses on stress. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 65, 251-260.
WEISS, J. M., STONE, E. A., & HARRELL, N. 1970 Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 72, 153-160.
YOSHIDA, T., KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1969 A methodological study of CER in rats with ‘Iicking’ as the criterion response. Jap. psychol. Res., 11, 66-75.
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BADIA, P., &CULBERTSON, S. 1970 Behavioral effects of signaled versus unsignaled shock during escape training in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 72, 216-222.
BADIA, P., CULBERTSON, S., & LEWIS, P.1971 The relative aversiveness of signaled vs. unsignaled avoidance: An analysis of. J. exp. Anal. Behay., 1971, 16, 113-121.
BRIMER, C. J., & KAMIN, L. J. 1963 Fear of the CS in avoidance training and fear from a sense of helplessness. Gonad. J. Psychol., 17, 188-193.
IMADA, H. 1971 Emotional reactivity and conditionability in four strains of rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol.
IMADA, H. 1971 Experimental studies on pathological behavior in animals. Shinrigaku Hyoron (Jap. psychol. Rev.). 1971, 14, 3-27.
LOCKARD, J. S. 1963 Choice of a warning signal or no warning signal in an unavoidable shock situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 526-530.
MILLER, N. E. 1969 Psychosomatic effects of specific types of training. In Tobach, E. (Ed.), Experimental approaches to the study of emotional behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 159, 1025-1040.
MILLER, N. E., & WEISS, J. M. 1969. Effects of the somatic or visceral responses to punishment. In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.), Punishment and Aversive Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts
MIYASHITA, T. 1971 An experiment on “proper control group” in fear conditioning. Unpublished MA thesis, Kwansei Gakuin University.
MOWRER, O. H., & VIEK, P.1948 An experimental analogue of fear from a sense of helplessness. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 43, 193-200.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P. 1968 Chronic fear produced by unpredictable electric shock. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 66, 402-411.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P. 1969 Control group and conditioning: A comment on operationism. Psychol. Rev., 76, 484 491.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., MAIER, S. E., & SOLOMON, R. L. 1970 Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. In F. R. Brush (Ed.), Aversive Conditioning and Learning. New York: Academic Press.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., & MEYER, B. 1970 Chronic fear and ulcers in rats as a function of the unpredictability of safety. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 202-207.
WEISS, J. M. 1967 A tail electrode for unrestrained rats. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 10, 85-86.
WEISS, J. M. 1968 Effects of coping responses on stress. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 65, 251-260.
WEISS, J. M., STONE, E. A., & HARRELL, N. 1970 Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 72, 153-160.
YOSHIDA, T., KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1969 A methodological study of CER in rats with ‘Iicking’ as the criterion response. Jap. psychol. Res., 11, 66-75.
Right : BADIA, P., &CULBERTSON, S. 1970 Behavioral effects of signaled versus unsignaled shock during escape training in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 72, 216-222.
BADIA, P., CULBERTSON, S., & LEWIS, P.1971 The relative aversiveness of signaled vs. unsignaled avoidance: An analysis of. preference. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1971, 16, 113-121.
BRIMER, C. J., & KAMIN, L. J. 1963 Fear of the CS in avoidance training and fear from a sense of helplessness. Conad. J. Psychol., 17, 188-193.
IMADA, H. 1971 Emotional reactivity and conditionability in four strains of rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol.(to be published).
IMADA, H. 1971 Experimental studies on pathological behavior in animals. Shinrigaku Hyoron (Jap. psychol. Rev.). 1971, 14, 3-27.
LOCKARD, J. S. 1963 Choice of a warning signal or no warning signal in an unavoidable shock situation. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 56, 526-530.
MILLER, N. E. 1969 Psychosomatic effects of specific types of training. In Tobach, E.(Ed.), Experimental approaches to the study of emotional behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 159, 1025-1040.
MILLER, N. E., & WEISS, J. M. 1969. Effects of the somatic or visceral responses to punishment. In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.), Punishment and Aversive Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts,
MIYASHITA, T. 1971 An experiment on “proper control group” in fear conditioning. MA thesis, Kwansei Gakuin University.
MOWRER, O. H., & VIEK, P.1948 An experimental analogue of fear from a sense of helplessness. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 43, 193-200.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P.1968 Chronic fear produced by unpredictable electric shock. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 66, 402-411.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P.1969 Control group and conditioning: A comment on operationism. Psychol. Rev., 76, 484 491.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., MAIER, S. E., & SOLOMON, R. L. 1970 Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. In F. R. Brush (Ed.), Aversive Conditioning and Learning. New York: Academic Press.
SELIGMAN, M. E. P., & MEYER, B. 1970 Chronic fear and ulcers in rats as a function of the unpredictability of safety. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 202-207.
WEISS, J. M. 1967 A tail electrode for unrestrained rats. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 10, 85-86.
WEISS, J. M. 1968 Effects of coping responses on stress. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 65, 251-260.
WEISS, J. M., STONE, E. A., & HARRELL, N. 1970 Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 72, 153-160.
YOSHIDA, T., KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1969 A methodological study of CER in rats with ‘Iicking’ as the criterion response. Jap. psychol. Res., 11, 66-75.
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