STUDIES ON RIGIDITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF BEHAVIOR III. CAN THE FEAR-REDUCTION THEORY EXPLAIN FIXATION OF AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR?

HIROSHI IMADA; KUNIO NIIHAMA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.14.158

STUDIES ON RIGIDITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF BEHAVIOR

III. CAN THE FEAR-REDUCTION THEORY EXPLAIN FIXATION OF AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR?

HIROSHI IMADA, KUNIO NIIHAMA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 158-167

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.158

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Published: 1972 Received: November 20, 1972 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Two experiments using rats as Ss were conducted in order to test the adequacy of the fearreduction hypothesis in accounting for the behavior fixation observed in an avoidance conditioning situation. In Experiment I guiding Ss equally often in three different directions was not effective in making their avoidance behavior variable and in changing their direction of response: They fixated in their preferred direction. In Experiment II giving exceptionally large amount of training on the nonpreferred response was effective in changing their direction of response from the preferred to the nonpreferred direction. It was concluded that fearreduction hypothesis alone could not explain the fixation phenomenon observ td in an avoidance situation.
Right : Two experiments using rats as Ss were conducted in order to test the adequacy of the fear-reduction hypothesis in accounting for the behavior fixation observed in an avoidance conditioning situation. In Experiment I guiding Ss equally often in three different directions was not effective in making their avoidance behavior variable and in changing their direction of response: They fixated in their preferred direction. In Experiment II giving exceptionally large amount of training on the nonpreferred response was effective in changing their direction of response from the preferred to the nonpreferred direction. It was concluded that fear-reduction hypothesis alone could not explain the fixation phenomenon observed in an avoidance situation.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : DEVALOIS, R. L. 1954 The relation of different levels and kinds of motivation to variability of behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 47, 392-398.
FARBER, I. E. 1948 Response fixation under anxiety and nonanxiety conditions. J. exp. Psychol., 38, 111-131.
HULL, C. L. 1943 Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
ISIADA, H., & SHIKANO, T. 1968 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: I. Preliminary report on the rigidity of fear_??_tivated behavior in the rat. Jap. psychol. Res., 10, 138-145.
IWAHARA, S. 1960 Response fixation of the shocked rat in the freechoice situation. Psychol. Rep., 10, 41-42.
KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1970 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: II. The rigidity of avoidance behavior in the rat as a function of shock intensity. Jap. psychol. Res., 12, 9-17.
MARTIN, R. F. 1940 “Native traits” and regression in rats. J. comp. Psychol., 30, 1-16.
SANDERS, M. J. 1937 An experimental demonstration of regression in the rat. J. exp. Psychol., 21, 493-510.

Right : DEVALOIS, R. L. 1954 The relation of different levels and kinds of motivation to variability of behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 47, 392-398.
FARBER, I. E. 1948 Response fixation under anxiety and non-anxiety conditions. J. exp. Psychat., 38, 111-131.
HULL, C. L. 1943 Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
IMADA, H., & SHIKANO, T. 1968 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: I. Preliminary report on the rigidity of fear-motivated behavior in the rat. Jap. psychol. Res., 10, 138-145.
IWAHARA, S. 1960 Response fixation of the shocked rat in the free-choice situation. Psychol. Rep., 10, 41-42.
KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1970 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: II. The rigidity of avoidance behavior in the rat as a function of shock intensity. Jap. psychol. Res., 12, 9-17.
MARTIN, R. F. 1940 “Native traits” and regression in rats. J. comp. Psychol., 30, 1-16.
SANDERS, M. J. 1937 An experimental demonstration of regression in the rat. J. exp. Psychol., 21, 493-510.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : DEVALOIS, R. L. 1954 The relation of different levels and kinds of motivation to variability of behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 47, 392-398.
FARBER, I. E. 1948 Response fixation under anxiety and non-anxiety conditions. J. exp. Psychat., 38, 111-131.
HULL, C. L. 1943 Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
IMADA, H., & SHIKANO, T. 1968 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: I. Preliminary report on the rigidity of fear-motivated behavior in the rat. Jap. psychol. Res., 10, 138-145.
IWAHARA, S. 1960 Response fixation of the shocked rat in the free-choice situation. Psychol. Rep., 10, 41-42.
KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1970 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: II. The rigidity of avoidance behavior in the rat as a function of shock intensity. Jap. psychol. Res., 12, 9-17.
MARTIN, R. F. 1940 “Native traits” and regression in rats. J. comp. Psychol., 30, 1-16.
SANDERS, M. J. 1937 An experimental demonstration of regression in the rat. J. exp. Psychol., 21, 493-510.

Right : DEVALOIS, R. L. 1954 The relation of different levels and kinds of motivation to variability of behavior. J. exp. Psychol., 47, 392-398.
FARBER, I. E. 1948 Response fixation under anxiety and non-anxiety conditions. J. exp. Psychol., 38, 111-131.
HULL, C. L. 1943 Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
IMADA, H., & SHIKANO, T. 1968 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: I. Preliminary report on the rigidity of fear-motivated behavior in the rat. Jap. psychol. Res., 10, 138-145.
IWAHARA, S. 1960 Response fixation of the shocked rat in the free-choice situation. Psychol. Rep., 10, 41-42.
KAI, M., & IMADA, H. 1970 Studies on rigidity and crystallization of behavior: II. The rigidity of avoidance behavior in the rat as a function of shock intensity. Jap. psychol. Res., 12, 9-17.
MARTIN, R. F. 1940 “Native traits” and regression in rats. J. comp. Psychol., 30, 1-16.
SANDERS, M. J. 1937 An experimental demonstration of regression in the rat. J. exp. Psychol., 21, 493-510.

Abstract

Two experiments using rats as Ss were conducted in order to test the adequacy of the fear-reduction hypothesis in accounting for the behavior fixation observed in an avoidance conditioning situation. In Experiment I guiding Ss equally often in three different directions was not effective in making their avoidance behavior variable and in changing their direction of response: They fixated in their preferred direction. In Experiment II giving exceptionally large amount of training on the nonpreferred response was effective in changing their direction of response from the preferred to the nonpreferred direction. It was concluded that fear-reduction hypothesis alone could not explain the fixation phenomenon observed in an avoidance situation.

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