RETROGRADE AND PROACTIVE EFFECTS OF ECS ON ACTIVE AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE

SHIRO IKEGAMI

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.14.181

SHIRO IKEGAMI

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 181-189

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.181

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Published: 1972 Received: December 04, 1972 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The three experiments were undertaken in a factorial design, with ECS_??_duced effects (retrograde vs. proactive) and with avoidance tasks (active vs. passive), In Exp. I, the proactive effect of ECS 1 hr before (23 hr after) the trials had as much disruptive effect on active avoidance response (AAR) as the retrograde effect of ECS 20-80 sec after the trials, but in the relearning, the 23 hr group acquired AAR faster than the 20-80 sec groups. In Exp. II, ECS had little effect upon AAR when given 15-30 min before the trials, but at 2 hr it had disruptive effect and its effect disappeared in 8 hr. In Exp. III, a single ECS 20 sec after the training or 15-30 min before the test produced retention deficits on passive avoidance response (PAR). These results are discussed with regard to the ECS-induced effects on consolidation and retrieval involved in memory processes.
Right : The three experiments were undertaken in a factorial design, with ECS-induced effects (retrograde vs. proactive) and with avoidance tasks (active vs. passive). In Exp. I, the proactive effect of ECS 1 hr before (23 hr after) the trials had as much disruptive effect on active avoidance response (AAR) as the retrograde effect of ECS 20-80 sec after the trials, but in the relearning, the 23 hr group acquired AAR faster than the 20-80 sec groups. In Exp. II, ECS had little effect upon AAR when given 15-30 min before the trials, but at 2 hr it had disruptive effect and its effect disappeared in 8 hr. In Exp. III, a single ECS 20 sec after the training or 15-30 min before the test produced retention deficits on passive avoidance response (PAR). These results are discussed with regard to the ECS-induced effects on consolidation and retrieval involved in memory processes.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, Univrsity of Tokyo

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, University of Tokyo

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1965 Short term retrograde amnesia in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 59, 73-79.
CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1966 Reexamination of prolonged retrograde amnesia in one-trial learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 61, 34-41.
COONS, E. E., & MILLER, N. E. 1960 Conflict versus consolidation of memory traces to explain “ retrograde amnesia” produced by ECS. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 524-531.
DUNCAN, C. P. 1949 The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 42, 32-44.
Kopp, R., BOHDANECKY, Z., & JARVIK, M. E. 1966 Long temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia for a well-discriminated stimulus. Science, 153, 1547-1549.
MCGAUGH, J. L., & DAWSON, R. G. 1971 Modification of Memory Storage Processes. 215-242.In Honig, W. K., & James, P. H. R. (Eds.) Animal Memory. New York: Academic Press.
NIELSON, H. C. 1968 Evidence that electroconvulsive shock alters memory retrieval rather than memory consolication. Exp. Neural., 20, 3-20.
PINEL, J. P. J., & COOPER, R. M. 1966 The relationship between incubation and ECS gradient effects. Psychon. Sci., 6, 125-126.
POSLUNS, D., & VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1970 Amnesic and disinhibitory effects of electroconvulsive shock in the rat., J. comp. physiol. Psychol. chol., 73, 291-306.
QUARTERMAIN, D., PAOLINO, R. M., & MILLER, N. E. 1965 A brief temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia independent of situationalchange. Science, 149, 1116-1118.
RYAN, T. A. 1959 Multiple comparisons in psychological research. Psychol. Bull., 56, 26-47.
SPEVAOK, A. A., & SUBOSKI, M. D. 1969 Retrograde effects of clectroconvulsive shock on learned responses. Psychol. Bull., 72, 66-76.
VANDEWOLF, C. H. 1969 Hippocampal electrical activity and voluntary movement in the rat. Electoencephalog. Clin. Neurophysiol., 26, 407-418.

Right : CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1965 Short term retrograde amnesia in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 59, 73-79.
CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1966 Reexamination of prolonged retrograde amnesia in one-trial learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 61, 34-41.
COONS, E. E., &MILLER, N. E. 1960 Conflict versus consolidation of memory traces to explain “retrograde amnesia” produced by ECS. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 524-531.
DUNCAN, C. P. 1949 The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 42, 32-44.
KOPP, R., BOHDANECKY, Z., &JARVIK, M. E. 1966 Long temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia for a well-discriminated stimulus. Science, 153, 1547-1549.
MCGAUCH, J. L., &DAWSON, R. G. 1971 Modification of Memory Storage Proccsses.215-242. In Honig, W. K., & James, P.H. R.(Eds.) Animal Memory. New York: Academic Press.
NIELSON, H. C. 1968 Evidence that electroconvulsive shock alters memory retrieval rather than memory consolication. Exp. Neurol., 20, 3-20.
PINEL, J. P. J., & COOPER, R. M. 1966 The relationship between incubation and ECS gradient effects. Psychos. Sci., 6, 125-126.
POSLUNS, D., & VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1970 Amnesic and disinhibitory effects of electroconvulsive shock in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 291-306.
QUARTERNIAIN, D., PAOLINO, R. M., & MILLER, N. E. 1965 A brief temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia independent of situational change. Science, 149, 1116-1118.
RYAN, T. A. 1959 Multiple comparisons in psychological research. Psychol. Bull., 56, 26-47.
SPEVACK, A. A, & SUBOSKI, M. D. 1969 Retrograde effects of electroconvulsive shock on learned responses. Psychol. Bull., 72, 66-76.
VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1969 Hippocampal electrical activity and voluntary movement in the rat. Electoencephalog. Clin. Neurophysiol., 26, 407-418.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1965 Short term retrograde amnesia in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 59, 73-79.
CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1966 Reexamination of prolonged retrograde amnesia in one-trial learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 61, 34-41.
COONS, E. E., &MILLER, N. E. 1960 Conflict versus consolidation of memory traces to explain “retrograde amnesia” produced by ECS. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 524-531.
DUNCAN, C. P. 1949 The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 42, 32-44.
KOPP, R., BOHDANECKY, Z., &JARVIK, M. E. 1966 Long temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia for a well-discriminated stimulus. Science, 153, 1547-1549.
MCGAUCH, J. L., &DAWSON, R. G. 1971 Modification of Memory Storage Proccsses.215-242. In Honig, W. K., & James, P.H. R.(Eds.) Animal Memory. New York: Academic Press.
NIELSON, H. C. 1968 Evidence that electroconvulsive shock alters memory retrieval rather than memory consolication. Exp. Neurol., 20, 3-20.
PINEL, J. P. J., & COOPER, R. M. 1966 The relationship between incubation and ECS gradient effects. Psychos. Sci., 6, 125-126.
POSLUNS, D., & VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1970 Amnesic and disinhibitory effects of electroconvulsive shock in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 291-306.
QUARTERNIAIN, D., PAOLINO, R. M., & MILLER, N. E. 1965 A brief temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia independent of situational change. Science, 149, 1116-1118.
RYAN, T. A. 1959 Multiple comparisons in psychological research. Psychol. Bull., 56, 26-47.
SPEVACK, A. A, & SUBOSKI, M. D. 1969 Retrograde effects of electroconvulsive shock on learned responses. Psychol. Bull., 72, 66-76.
VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1969 Hippocampal electrical activity and voluntary movement in the rat. Electoencephalog. Clin. Neurophysiol., 26, 407-418.

Right : CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1965 Short term retrograde amnesia in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 59, 73-79.
CHOROVER, S. L., & SCHILLER, P. H. 1966 Reexamination of prolonged retrograde amnesia in one-trial learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 61, 34-41.
COONS, E. E., & MILLER, N. E. 1960 Conflict versus consolidation of memory traces to explain “retrograde amnesia” produced by ECS. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 53, 524-531.
DUNCAN, C. P. 1949 The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 42, 32-44.
KOPP, R., BOHDANECKY, Z., & JARVIK, M. E. 1966 Long temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia for a well-discriminated stimulus. Science, 153, 1547-1549.
MCGAUCH, J. L., & DAWSON, R. G. 1971 Modification of Memory Storage Proccsses.215-242. In Honig, W. K., &James, P.H. R.(Eds.) Animal Memory. New York: Academic Press.
NIELSON, H. C. 1968 Evidence that electroconvulsive shock alters memory retrieval rather than memory consolication. Exp. Neurol., 20, 3-20.
PINEL, J. P.J., & COOPER, R. M. 1966 The relationship between incubation and ECS gradient effects. Psychos. Sci., 6, 125-126.
POSLUNS, D., & VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1970 Amnesic and disinhibitory effects of electroconvulsive shock in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 73, 291-306.
QUARTERNIAIN, D., PAOLINO, R. M., &MILLER, N. E. 1965 A brief temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia independent of situational change. Science, 149, 1116-1118.
RYAN, T. A. 1959 Multiple comparisons in psychological research. Psychol. Bull., 56, 26-47.
SPEVACK, A. A,, & SUBOSKI, M. D. 1969 Retrograde effects of electroconvulsive shock on learned responses. Psychol. Bull., 72, 66-76.
VANDERWOLF, C. H. 1969 Hippocampal electrical activity and voluntary movement in the rat. Electoencephalog. Clin. Neurophysiol., 26, 407-418.

Abstract

The three experiments were undertaken in a factorial design, with ECS-induced effects (retrograde vs. proactive) and with avoidance tasks (active vs. passive). In Exp. I, the proactive effect of ECS 1 hr before (23 hr after) the trials had as much disruptive effect on active avoidance response (AAR) as the retrograde effect of ECS 20-80 sec after the trials, but in the relearning, the 23 hr group acquired AAR faster than the 20-80 sec groups. In Exp. II, ECS had little effect upon AAR when given 15-30 min before the trials, but at 2 hr it had disruptive effect and its effect disappeared in 8 hr. In Exp. III, a single ECS 20 sec after the training or 15-30 min before the test produced retention deficits on passive avoidance response (PAR). These results are discussed with regard to the ECS-induced effects on consolidation and retrieval involved in memory processes.

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