SELECTED PERSONALITY TRAITS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE PERCEPTION OF CROWDING

OSAMU IWATA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.21.1

OSAMU IWATA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 1-9

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.21.1

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Published: June 30, 1979 Received: February 20, 1978 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : COZBY, P. C. 1973 Effects of density, activity, and personality on environmental preferences. Journal of Research in Personality, 7, 45-60.
EVANS, G. W., & HOWARD, R. B. 1973 Personal space. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 334-344.
FISHER, R. L. 1967 Social schema ofnormal and disturbed school children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 88-92.
FUKUSIIIMA, O. 1968 A study of extroversionintroversion dimension: Its dual nature and its relation to neuroticism. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 157-167 (in Japanese).
HIYAKAWA, A., ENDOH, T., ANDOH, N., HAMADA, T., & INOUE, S. 1972 A psychological study of self-esteem (II): An examination of measurement using questionnaire method. Proceedings of the 14th Convention of the Japanese Association of Educational Psychology, 408-409 (in Japanese).
HOROWITZ, M. J., DUFF, D. F., & STRATTON, L. O. 1964 Personal space and the body-buffer zone. Archives of General Psychiatry, 11, 651-656.
IWATA, O. 1974 Factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 16, 65-70.
I1vATA, O. 1977a Factors in the perception of crowding and the relationship of crowding to personal space. Psychologia, 20, 33-37.
IWATA, O. 1977b Some personal variables as factors for the perception of crowding. Journal of Gakugei (Educational Science), Tokushirna University, 26, 33-39.
IWATA, O. 1978 Some personal attributes and spatial factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 1-6.
KINLEL, A. F. 1970 Body-buffer zone in violent prisoners. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 99-104.
PATFERSON, M. 1968 Spatial factors in social interactions. Human Relations, 21, 351-361.
ROGER, D. B., & SCITALEKAMP, E. E. 1976 Bodybuffer zone and violence: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Psychology, 98, 153-158.
TSUJIOKA, B. 1965 A manual of Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory. Tokyo: Takei Kiki Kogyo (in Japanese).

Right : COZBY, P. C. 1973 Effects of density, activity, and personality on environmental preferences. Journal of Research in Personality, 7, 45-60.
EVANS, G. W., & HOWARD, R. B. 1973 Personal space. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 334-344.
FISHER, R. L. 1967 Social schema of normal and disturbed school children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 88-92.
FUKUSHIMA, O.1968 A study of extroversionintroversion dimension: Its dual nature and its relation to neuroticism. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 157-167 (in Japanese).
HIYAKAWA, A., ENDOII, T., ANDOH, N., HAMADA, T., & INOUE, S. 1972 A psychological study of self-esteem (II): An examination of measurement using questionnaire method. Proceedings of the 14th Convention of the Japanese Association of Educational Psychology, 408-409 (in Japanese).
HOROWITZ, M. J., DUFF, D. F., & STRATTON, L. O. 1964 Personal space and the body-buffer zone. Archives of General Psychiatry, 11, 651-656.
IWATA, O. 1974 Factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 16, 65-70.
IWATA, O. 1977a Factors in the perception of crowding and the relationship of crowding to personal space. Psychologia, 20, 33-37.
IWATA, O. 1977b Some personal variables as factors for the perception of crowding. Journal of Gakugei (Educational Science), Tokushima University, 26, 33-39.
IWATA, O. 1978 Some personal attributes and spatial factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 1-6.
KINZEL, A. F.1970 Body-buffer zone in violent prisoners. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 99-104.
PATTERSON, M. 1968 Spatial factors in social interactions. Human Relations, 21, 351-361.
ROGER, D. B., & SCHALEKAMP, E. E. 1976 Bodybuffer zone and violence: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Psychology, 98, 153-158.
TSUJIOKA, B. 1965 A manual of Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory. Tokyo: Takei Kiki Kogyo (in Japanese).

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : COZBY, P. C. 1973 Effects of density, activity, and personality on environmental preferences. Journal of Research in Personality, 7, 45-60.
EVANS, G. W., & HOWARD, R. B. 1973 Personal space. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 334-344.
FISHER, R. L. 1967 Social schema of normal and disturbed school children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 88-92.
FUKUSHIMA, O.1968 A study of extroversionintroversion dimension: Its dual nature and its relation to neuroticism. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 157-167 (in Japanese).
HIYAKAWA, A., ENDOII, T., ANDOH, N., HAMADA, T., & INOUE, S. 1972 A psychological study of self-esteem (II): An examination of measurement using questionnaire method. Proceedings of the 14th Convention of the Japanese Association of Educational Psychology, 408-409 (in Japanese).
HOROWITZ, M. J., DUFF, D. F., & STRATTON, L. O. 1964 Personal space and the body-buffer zone. Archives of General Psychiatry, 11, 651-656.
IWATA, O. 1974 Factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 16, 65-70.
IWATA, O. 1977a Factors in the perception of crowding and the relationship of crowding to personal space. Psychologia, 20, 33-37.
IWATA, O. 1977b Some personal variables as factors for the perception of crowding. Journal of Gakugei (Educational Science), Tokushima University, 26, 33-39.
IWATA, O. 1978 Some personal attributes and spatial factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 1-6.
KINZEL, A. F.1970 Body-buffer zone in violent prisoners. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 99-104.
PATTERSON, M. 1968 Spatial factors in social interactions. Human Relations, 21, 351-361.
ROGER, D. B., & SCHALEKAMP, E. E. 1976 Bodybuffer zone and violence: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Psychology, 98, 153-158.
TSUJIOKA, B. 1965 A manual of Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory. Tokyo: Takei Kiki Kogyo (in Japanese).

Right : COZBY, P. C. 1973 Effects of density, activity, and personality on environmental preferences. Journal of Research in Personality, 7, 45-60.
EVANS, G. W., & HOWARD, R. B. 1973 Personal space. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 334-344.
FISHER, R. L. 1967 Social schema of normal and disturbed school children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 88-92.
FUKUSHIMA, O.1968 A study of extroversionintroversion dimension: Its dual nature and its relation to neuroticism. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 157-167 (in Japanese).
HIYAKAWA, A., ENDOH, T., ANDOH, N., HAMADA, T., & INOUE, S. 1972 A psychological study of self-esteem (II): An examination of measurement using questionnaire method. Proceedings of the 14th Convention of the Japanese Association of Educational Psychology, 408-409 (in Japanese).
HOROWITZ, M. J., DUFF, D. F., & STRATTON, L. O. 1964 Personal space and the body-buffer zone. Archives of General Psychiatry, 11, 651-656.
IWATA, O. 1974 Factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 16, 65-70.
IWATA, O. 1977a Factors in the perception of crowding and the relationship of crowding to personal space. Psychologia, 20, 33-37.
IWATA, O. 1977b Some personal variables as factors for the perception of crowding. Journal of Gakugei (Educational Science), Tokushima University, 26, 33-39.
IWATA, O. 1978 Some personal attributes and spatial factors in the perception of crowding. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 1-6.
KINZEL, A. F.1970 Body-buffer zone in violent prisoners. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 99-104.
PATTERSON, M. 1968 Spatial factors in social interactions. Human Relations, 21, 351-361.
ROGER, D. B., & SCHALEKAMP, E. E. 1976 Bodybuffer zone and violence: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Psychology, 98, 153-158.
TSUJIOKA, B. 1965 A manual of Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory. Tokyo: Takei Kiki Kogyo (in Japanese).

Abstract

Effects of selected personality traits upon perception of crowding were investigated in 132 Japanese female college students. These traits were adjustment, trust in people, interpersonal affiliation, self-esteem, extroversion-introversion and neuroticism. They were measured by scores on a personality inventory and on several three-point scales. Crowding measures were obtained in terms of the maximum number of partners with whom a fictitious person was judged to be able to share a room in various situations without feeling uncomfortable. The higher the score on adjustment, trust in people and desire for interpersonal affiliation, the lower the tendency to experience crowding. Higher extroversion and lower neuroticism were associated with a weaker tendency to experience crowding. However, subjects with high self-esteem showed a stronger tendency to experience crowding.

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