EFFECTS OF SPATIAL SEPARATION AS A CUE OF TIME ESTIMATION IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

FUMIKO MATSUDA; MICHIHIKO MATSUDA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.21.132

FUMIKO MATSUDA, MICHIHIKO MATSUDA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1979 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 132-138

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.21.132

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Published: December 30, 1979 Received: December 27, 1978 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : It was confirmed by the reproduction method in children of 7 to 10 yrs. and adults that (a) as subjects were younger, the kappa effect was stronger, and that (b) the kappa effect was stronger under the condition where subjects were assumed to form the set more easily in using the spatial separation as a cue for time estimation than under conditions where they are assumed to form the set less easily. These findings verified that the kappa effect in successively presented static stimuli was not contradictory to the hypothesis of “cue-selection sets” which was interpreted from the results of the first author's previous studies on a moving stimulus.
Right : It was confirmed by the reproduction method in children of 7 to 10 yrs. and adults that (a) as subjects were younger, the kappa effect was stronger, and that (b) the kappa effect was stronger under the condition where subjects were assumed to form the set more easily in using the spatial separation as a cue for time estimation than under conditions where they are assumed to form the set less easily. These findings verified that the kappa effect in successively presented static stimuli was not contradictory to the hypothesis of “cue-selection sets” which was interpreted from the results of the first author's previous studies on a moving stimulus.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : ABBE, M. 1936 Der raumlichc Effekt auf die Zeitauffassung. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-52. (In Japanese with German summary)
ABBE, M. 1937 Der räumliehe Effekt auf die Zeitauffassung. II: Simultaner Vergleich der phanomenalen Grösse zweier Zeitstrecken, die durch Sukzessive-Darbietung dreier Reize gegrenzt werden. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 1-12. (In Japanese with German Summary)
ABE, S. 1935 Experimental study on the corelation between time and space. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 3, 53-68.
ADKINS, C. J. 1972 Verbal estimations of time of four spatial distances. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 35, 411-418.
BONNET, C. 1965 Influence de la vitesse du mouvement et de l'espace pareouru sur l'estitnation du temps. L'Annee Psychologique, 65, 357-363.
COHEN, J. 1967 Psychological lime in health and disease. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C.E.M., & SYLVESTER, J. D. 1953 A new phenomenon in time judgment. Nature, 172, 901.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C.E.M., & SYLVESTER, J. D. 1955 Interdependence in judgements of space, time and movement. Acta Psychologica, 11, 360-372.
FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation de la durée. In F. Bresson, & M. de Montmollin (Eds.), Psychologie et epistémologie génétiques: Thèmes Piagétiens. Paris: Dumond.
FRAISSE, P. 1967 Psychology du temps. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P. 1952a La perception de l'espace et Ia vitesse et du temps chez I'enfant de cinq ans. I. L'espace et la vitesse. Enfance, 5, I-20.
FRAiSSE, P., & VAUTREY, P. 1952b La perception de l'espace et la vitesse et du temps chez I'enfant de cinq ans. II. Lc temps. Enfance, 5, 102-119.
LEBENSFELD, P., & WAPNER, S. 1968 Configuration and space-time interdependence. American Journal of Psychology, 81, 106-110.
MATSUDA, F. 1968 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: I. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 39, 57-66. (In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1969 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: II. Time and space estimations. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 40, 173-181. (In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1970 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: IV. Set to use cue in time estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 41, 182-194. (In Japanese with English Summary)
MATSUDA. F. 1971 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: V. Set to use cue in space estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 42, 233-245. (In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1974 Effects of space and velocity on time estimation in children and adults. Psychological Reseach, 37, 107-123.
MATSUDA, F. 1977 Effects of time and velocity on path-length estimation in children and adults. Studio Psychologica, 19, 19-31.
MATSUDA, F., & RIATSUUA, M, 1979 Kappa-effect and spatial separation as cue. Bulletin of the Faculty of Horne Economics, Hiroshima Women's Universiy, No. 14, 33-38. (In Japanese with English summary)
NEWM.AN, C. V., & LEE, S. G. 1972 The effect of real and imputed distance on judgments of time: Some experiments on the Kappa phenomenon. Psychonomic Science, 29, 207-211.
ONO, A. 1968a Interdependence in judgements of the duration and distance of a manual movement. A developmental study. Memoirs of Osaka University of Education, 17, 4, 49-58.
ONO, A 1968b Child's comparative judgements of duration of manual movement. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 26, 107-115.
ONO, A. 1975 Étude expérimentale des interrelations entre temps, distance et vitesse subjectifs. Étude de l'effet Kappa-Tau. Journal de Psychologi, No. 3, 261-290.
PARKS, T. E. 1968 The spatial separation of two light-flashes and their perceived separation in time. American Journal of Psychology, 81, 92-98.
PIAGET, J. 1957 Les notions de vitesse, d'espace parcouru et de temps chez 1'enfant de cinq ans. Enfance, 10, 9-42.
PIAGET, J. 1961 Les mecanismes pereeptifs. Paris: Presses Univetsitaire de France.
PIAGET, J. 1969 The child's conception of time (Trs, by A.J. Pomerans) London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
PRICE-WILLIAMS, D. R. 1954 The kappa effect. Nature, 73, 363-364.
SUDO, Y. 1941 On the effect of the phenomenal distance upon time estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 16, 95-115. (In Japanese)
VOYAT, G. 1963 La perception du temps. Étude d'estimation de durées brèves. Archives de Psychology, 39, 1-100.
ZULU , N., & FRAIsSE, P. 1966 L'estimation du temps en fonction de la quantité de mouvements effectués daps one Cache. Étude génétique. L'Année Psychologique, 66, 383-396.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1969 Le rôle des indices perqus clans la comparaison des durées chez 1'enfant. L'Annee Psychologique, 69, 16-36.

Right : ABBE, M. 1936 Der räumlichc Effekt auf die Zeitauffassung. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-52.(In Japanese with German summary)
ABBE, M. 1937 Der räumliche Effekt auf die Zeitaullassung. II: Simultaner Vergleich der phänomenalen Grösse zweier Zeitstrecken, die durch Sukzessive-Darbietung dreier Reize gegrenzt werden. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 1-12.(In Japanese with German summary)
ABE, S. 1935 Experimentalstudy on the corelation between time and space.Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 3, 53-68.
ADKINS, C. J. 1972 Verbal estimations of time of four spatial distances. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 35, 411-418.
BONNET, C. 1965 Influence do la vitesse du mouvement et de Pespace pareouru sur Pestimation temps. L'Anne's Psychologiqup, 65, 357-363.
COHEN, J. 1967 Psychological time in health and disease. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C.E.M., & SYLVESTER, J. D.1953 A new phenomenon in time judgment. Nature, 172, 901.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C.E.M., & SYLVESTER, J. D. 1955 Interdependence in judgements of space, time and movement. Acta Psychologica, 11, 360-372.
FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation de la durée. In F. Bresson, & M. de Montmollin (Eds.), Psychologie et epistémologie génétiques: Thèmes Piagétiens. Paris: Dumond.
FRAISSE, P.1967 Psychologie du temps. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P.1952a La perception de l'espace et Is vitesse et du temps chez I'enfant de cinq ans. I. L'espace et la vitesse. Enfance, 5, 1-20.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P.1952b La perception de l'espace et la vitesse et du temps chez I'enfant de einq ans. II. Le temps. Enfance, 5, 102-119.
LEBENSFELD, P., & WAPNER, S. 1968 Configuration and space-time interdependence. American journal of Psychology, 81, 106-110.
MATSUDA, F. 1968 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: I. Japanese journal of Psychology, 39, 57-66.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1969 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: II. Time and space estimations. Japanese journal of Psychology, 40, 173-181.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1970 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: IV. Set to use cue in tithe estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 41, 182-194.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1971 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: V. Set to use cue in space estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 42, 233-245.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1974 Effects of space and velocity on time estimation in children and adults. Psychological Reseach, 37, 107-123.
MATSUDA, F. 1977 Effects of time and velocity on path-length estimation in children and adults. Studio Psychologica, 19, 19-31.
MIATSUDA, F., & MATSUDA, M. 1979 Kappaeffect and spatial separation as cue. Bulletin of the Faculty of Home Economics, Hiroshima Women's University, No.14, 33-38.(In Japanese with English summary)
NEWMAN, C. V., & LEE, S. G. 1972 The effect of real and imputed distance on judgments of time: Some experiments on the Kappa phenomenon. Psychonomic Science, 29, 207-211.
ONO, A. 1968a Interdependence in judgements of the duration and distance of a manual movement.A developmental study. Memoirs of Osaka University of Education, 17, 4, 49-58.
ONO, A 19686 Child's comparative judgements of duration of manual movement. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 26, 107-115.
ONO, A. 1975 Étude expérimentale des interrelations entre temps, distance et vitesse subjectifs. Étude de l'effet Kappa-Tau. Journal de Psychologie, No.3, 261-290.
PARKS, T. E. 1968 The spatial separation of two light-flashes and their perceived separation in time. American journal of Psychology, 81, 92-98.
PIAGET, J. 1957 Les notions de vitesse, d'espace parcouru et de temps chez l'enfant de cinq ans. Enfance, 10, 9-42.
PIAGET, J. 1961 Les mècanismes perceptifs. Paris: Presses Univeasitaire de France.
PIAGET, J. 1969 The child's conception of time (Trs. by A. J. Pomerans) London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
PRICE-WILLIAMS, D. R. 1954 The kappa effect. Nature, 73, 363-364.
SUDO, Y. 1941 On the effect of the phenomenal distance upon time estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 16, 95-115.(In Japanese)
VOYAT, G. 1963 La perception du temps. Étude d'estimation de durées brèves. Archives de Psychologie, 39, 1-100.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation du temps en fonction de la quantité de mouvements effectués dans une tache.Étude génétique.L'Année Psychologique, 66, 383-396.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1969 Le rôle des indices perqus dans la comparaison des durées chez l'enfant. L'Année Psychologique, 69, 16-36.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : ABBE, M. 1936 Der räumlichc Effekt auf die Zeitauffassung. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-52.(In Japanese with German summary)
ABBE, M. 1937 Der räumliche Effekt auf die Zeitaullassung. II: Simultaner Vergleich der phänomenalen Grösse zweier Zeitstrecken, die durch Sukzessive-Darbietung dreier Reize gegrenzt werden. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 1-12.(In Japanese with German summary)
ABE, S. 1935 Experimentalstudy on the corelation between time and space.Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 3, 53-68.
ADKINS, C. J. 1972 Verbal estimations of time of four spatial distances. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 35, 411-418.
BONNET, C. 1965 Influence do la vitesse du mouvement et de Pespace pareouru sur Pestimation temps. L'Anne's Psychologiqup, 65, 357-363.
COHEN, J. 1967 Psychological time in health and disease. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C.E.M., & SYLVESTER, J. D.1953 A new phenomenon in time judgment. Nature, 172, 901.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C.E.M., & SYLVESTER, J. D. 1955 Interdependence in judgements of space, time and movement. Acta Psychologica, 11, 360-372.
FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation de la durée. In F. Bresson, & M. de Montmollin (Eds.), Psychologie et epistémologie génétiques: Thèmes Piagétiens. Paris: Dumond.
FRAISSE, P.1967 Psychologie du temps. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P.1952a La perception de l'espace et Is vitesse et du temps chez I'enfant de cinq ans. I. L'espace et la vitesse. Enfance, 5, 1-20.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P.1952b La perception de l'espace et la vitesse et du temps chez I'enfant de einq ans. II. Le temps. Enfance, 5, 102-119.
LEBENSFELD, P., & WAPNER, S. 1968 Configuration and space-time interdependence. American journal of Psychology, 81, 106-110.
MATSUDA, F. 1968 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: I. Japanese journal of Psychology, 39, 57-66.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1969 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: II. Time and space estimations. Japanese journal of Psychology, 40, 173-181.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1970 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: IV. Set to use cue in tithe estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 41, 182-194.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1971 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: V. Set to use cue in space estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 42, 233-245.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1974 Effects of space and velocity on time estimation in children and adults. Psychological Reseach, 37, 107-123.
MATSUDA, F. 1977 Effects of time and velocity on path-length estimation in children and adults. Studio Psychologica, 19, 19-31.
MIATSUDA, F., & MATSUDA, M. 1979 Kappaeffect and spatial separation as cue. Bulletin of the Faculty of Home Economics, Hiroshima Women's University, No.14, 33-38.(In Japanese with English summary)
NEWMAN, C. V., & LEE, S. G. 1972 The effect of real and imputed distance on judgments of time: Some experiments on the Kappa phenomenon. Psychonomic Science, 29, 207-211.
ONO, A. 1968a Interdependence in judgements of the duration and distance of a manual movement.A developmental study. Memoirs of Osaka University of Education, 17, 4, 49-58.
ONO, A 19686 Child's comparative judgements of duration of manual movement. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 26, 107-115.
ONO, A. 1975 Étude expérimentale des interrelations entre temps, distance et vitesse subjectifs. Étude de l'effet Kappa-Tau. Journal de Psychologie, No.3, 261-290.
PARKS, T. E. 1968 The spatial separation of two light-flashes and their perceived separation in time. American journal of Psychology, 81, 92-98.
PIAGET, J. 1957 Les notions de vitesse, d'espace parcouru et de temps chez l'enfant de cinq ans. Enfance, 10, 9-42.
PIAGET, J. 1961 Les mècanismes perceptifs. Paris: Presses Univeasitaire de France.
PIAGET, J. 1969 The child's conception of time (Trs. by A. J. Pomerans) London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
PRICE-WILLIAMS, D. R. 1954 The kappa effect. Nature, 73, 363-364.
SUDO, Y. 1941 On the effect of the phenomenal distance upon time estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 16, 95-115.(In Japanese)
VOYAT, G. 1963 La perception du temps. Étude d'estimation de durées brèves. Archives de Psychologie, 39, 1-100.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation du temps en fonction de la quantité de mouvements effectués dans une tache.Étude génétique.L'Année Psychologique, 66, 383-396.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1969 Le rôle des indices perqus dans la comparaison des durées chez l'enfant. L'Année Psychologique, 69, 16-36.

Right : ABBE, M. 1936 Der räumliche Effekt auf die Zeitauffassung. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-52.(In Japanese with German summary)
ABBE, M. 1937 Der räumliche Effekt auf die Zeitauffassung. II: Simultaner Vergleich der phänomenalen Grösse zweier Zeitstrecken, die durch Sukzessive-Darbietung dreier Reize gegrenzt werden. Japanese Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 1-12.(In Japanese with German summary)
ABE, S. 1935 Experimental study on the corelation between time and space. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 3, 53-68.
ADKINS, C. J. 1972 Verbal estimations of time of four spatial distances. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 35, 411-418.
BONNET, C. 1965 Influence de la vitesse du mouvement et de l'espace parcouru sur l'estimation du temps. L'Année Psychologique, 65, 357-363.
COHEN, J. 1967 Psychological time in health and disease. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C. E. M., & SYLVESTER, J. D. 1953 A new phenomenon in time judgment. Nature, 172, 901.
COHEN, J., HANSEL, C. E. M., & SYLVESTER, J. D. 1955 Interdependence in judgements of space, time and movement. Acta Psychologica, 11, 360-372.
FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation de la durée. In F. Bresson, & M. de Montmollin (Eds.), Psychologie et epistémologie génétiques: Thèmes Piagétiens. Paris: Dumond.
FRAISSE, P. 1967 Psychologie du temps. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P. 1952a La perception de l'espace et la vitesse et du temps chez l'enfant de cinq ans. I. L'espace et la vitesse. Enfance, 5, 1-20.
FRAISSE, P., & VAUTREY, P. 1952b La perception de l'espace et la vitesse et du temps chez l'enfant de cinq ans. II. Le temps. Enfance, 5, 102-119.
LEBENSFELD, P., & WAPNER, S. 1968 Configuration and space-time interdependence. American Journal of Psychology, 81, 106-110.
MATSUDA, F. 1968 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: I. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 39, 57-66.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1969 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimation: II. Time and space estimations. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 40, 173-181.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1970 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: IV. Set to use cue in time estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 41, 182-194.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1971 Developmental study of time, space and velocity estimations: V. Set to use cue in space estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 42, 233-245.(In Japanese with English summary)
MATSUDA, F. 1974 Effects of space and velocity on time estimation in children and adults. Psychological Reseach, 37, 107-123.
MATSUDA, F. 1977 Effects of time and velocity on path-length estimation in children and adults. Studia Psychologica, 19, 19-31.
MATSUDA, F., & MATSUDA, M. 1979 Kappaeffect and spatial separation as cue. Bulletin of the Faculty of Home Economics, Hiroshima Women's University, No.14, 33-38.(In Japanese with English summary)
NEWMAN, C. V., & LEE, S. G. 1972 The effect of real and imputed distance on judgments of time: Some experiments on the Kappa phenomenon. Psychonomic Science, 29, 207-211.
ONO, A. 1968a Interdependence in judgements of the duration and distance of a manual movement. A developmental study. Memoirs of Osaka University of Education, 17, 4, 49-58.
ONO, A 1968b Child's comparative judgements of duration of manual movement. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 26, 107-115.
ONO, A. 1975 Étude expérimentale des interrelations entre temps, distance et vitesse subjectifs. Étude de l'effet Kappa-Tau. Journal de Psychologie, No.3, 261-290.
PARKS, T. E. 1968 The spatial separation of two light-flashes and their perceived separation in time. American Journal of Psychology, 81, 92-98.
PIAGET, J. 1957 Les notions de vitesse, d'espace parcouru et de temps chez l'enfant de cinq ans. Enfance, 10, 9-42.
PIAGET, J. 1961 Les mécanismes perceptifs. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.
PIAGET, J. 1969 The child's conception of time (Trs. by A. J. Pomerans) London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
PRICE-WILLIAMS, D. R. 1954 The kappa effect. Nature, 73, 363-364.
SUDO, Y. 1941 On the effect of the phenomenal distance upon time estimation. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 16, 95-115.(In Japanese)
VOYAT, G. 1963 La perception du temps. Étude d'estimation de durées brèves. Archives de Psychologie, 39, 1-100.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1966 L'estimation du temps en fonction de la quantité de mouvements effectués dans une tache. Étude génétique. L'Année Psychologique, 66, 383-396.
ZUILI, N., & FRAISSE, P. 1969 Le rôle des indices perçus dans la comparaison des durées chez l'enfant. L'Année Psychologique, 69, 16-36.

Abstract

It was confirmed by the reproduction method in children of 7 to 10 yrs. and adults that (a) as subjects were younger, the kappa effect was stronger, and that (b) the kappa effect was stronger under the condition where subjects were assumed to form the set more easily in using the spatial separation as a cue for time estimation than under conditions where they are assumed to form the set less easily. These findings verified that the kappa effect in successively presented static stimuli was not contradictory to the hypothesis of “cue-selection sets” which was interpreted from the results of the first author's previous studies on a moving stimulus.

Corresponding author

Correction information

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