A cognitive model for life and work-related satisfaction Evidence from confirmatory latent structure analysis

NORIYUKI MATSUDA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.25.130

A cognitive model for life and work-related satisfaction

Evidence from confirmatory latent structure analysis

NORIYUKI MATSUDA

Author information

Keywords: satisfaction, cognitive space, latent cognition, latent class, latent structure analysis

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1983 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 130-139

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.25.130

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Published: November 30, 1983 Received: January 14, 1983 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 11, 1983 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Satisfaction with life, job, firm and income can be considered as indicators of the latent cognition about one's quality of life. In the present analysis, we postulated that, for most of the Japanese males, a) the two principal dimensions of the cognitive subspace related to covert evaluation of the attained intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of work, b) latent states in these dimensions were to be manifested as job and income satisfaction, respectively, c) job and firm satisfaction were indicators of the same cognition, and d) life satisfaction was the overall evaluation derived from cognition in these dimensions. The postulates were then translated into a latent class model and applied to the data of a large national sample. Although the model in the original form did not meet our acceptance criteria, the reasonable fit was obtained when it was modified to let job satisfaction partially reflect cognition in the other dimension as well. It was also found that there were two classes of people whose cognitive subspace comprised additional dimension(s). However, the classes were small in size. The results of our analysis provide evidence that both spillover and compensatory effects exist in a large population.
Right : Satisfaction with life, job, firm and income can be considered as indicators of the latent cognition about one's quality of life. In the present analysis, we postulated that, for most of the Japanese males, a) the two principal dimensions of the cognitive subspace related to covert evaluation of the attained intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of work, b) latent states in these dimensions were to be manifested as job and income satisfaction, respectively, c) job and firm satisfaction were indicators of the same cognition, and d) life satisfaction was the overall evaluation derived from cognition in these dimensions. The postulates were then translated into a latent class model and applied to the data of a large national sample. Although the model in the original form did not meet our acceptance criteria, the reasonable fit was obtained when it was modified to let job satisfaction partially reflect cognition in the other dimension as well. It was also found that there were two classes of people whose cognitive subspace comprised additional dimension (s). However, the classes were small in siec. The results of our analysis provide evidence that both spillover and compensatory effects exist in a large population.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Andersen, E. B. 1973 Conditional inference for multiple-choice questionnaires. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 26, 31-44.
Ando, B. 1978 Hyohon sekkei. (The design of the samples.) In K. Tominaga (Ed.), Shakai Kaiso to Shakai Ido. (Social stratification and mobility.) Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Pp. 16-28. (In Japanese)
Clogg, C. C. 1979 Some latent structure models for the analysis of Likert-type data. Social Science Research, 8, 287-301.
Goodman, L. A. 1974a Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biometrika, 61, 215-230.
Goodman, L. A. 1974b The analysis of systems of qualitative variables when some of the variables are unobservable. Part I: A modified latent structure approach. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 1179-1259.
Goodman, L. A. 1975 A new model for scaling response patterns: An application of the quasiindependent concept. Journal of the American statistical Association, 70, 755-768.
Haberman, S. J. 1975 Iterative scaling procedures for log-linear models for frequency tables derived by indirect observation. Statistical computing Section, Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 45-50.
Haberman, S. J. 1977 Product models for frequency tables involving indirect observation. Annals of Statistics, 5 (6), 1124-1147.
Iris, B., & Barrett, G. V. 1972 Some relations between job and life satisfaction and job importance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 301-304.
Kalleberg, A. L. 1977 Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Keon, T. L., & McDonald, B. 1982 Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: An empirical evaluation of their interrelationship. Human Relations, 35, 167-180.
London, M., Crandall, R., & Seals, G. W. 1977 The contribution of job and leisure satisfaction to quality of life. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 328-334.
Lazarsfeld, P. F., & Henry, N. W. 1968 Latent Structure Analysis. New York: Houghton-Mufflin.
Matsuda, N. 1982a A cognitive model for perceptions of class, status and level of living: Evidence from latent structure analysis. Behaviormetrika, No. 11, 61-73.
Matsuda, N. 1982b Cognitive models for life and work-related satisfaction: evidence front latent structure analysis. Discussion Paper, Institute of Socio-Economic Planning, University of Tsukuba, 170 (82-37).
N. H. K. 1979 Gendai. Nihonjin-no Ishikikozo. (The attitude structure of the modern Japanese.) Tokyo: N. H. K. Opinion Survey Center. (In Japanese)
Orpen, C. 1978 Work and nonwork satisfaction: A causal-correlational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 530-532.
Rice, R. W., Near, J. P., & Hunt, R. G. 1979 Unique variance in job and life satisfaction associated with work-related and extra-workplace variables. Human Relations, 32, 605-623.
Rousseau, D. M. 1978 Relationship or work to nonwork. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63 (4), 513-517.
Tunstall, J. 1962 The fisherman. London: Mac-Gibbon & Kee.
Vogel, E. F. 1979 Japan as number one. Gambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Wilensky, P. 1960 Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.

Right : Andersen, E. B. 1973 Conditional inference for multiple-choice questionnaires. British Journal of Mathematical and Stalistical Psychology, 26, 31-44.
Ando, B. 1978 Hyohon sekkei.(The design of the samples.) In K. Tominaga (Ed.), Shakai Kaiso to Shakai Ido.(Social stratification and mobility.) Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Pp.16-28.(In Japanese)
Clogg, C. C. 1979 Some latent structure models for the analysis of Likert-type data. Social Science Research, 8, 287-301.
Goodman, L. A. 1974a Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biomelrika. 61, 215-230.
Goodman, L. A. 1974b The analysis of systems of qualitative variables when some of the variables are unobservable. Part I: A modified latent structure approach. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 1179-1259.
Goodman, L. A. 1975 A new model for scaling response patterns: An application of the quasiindependent concept. Journal of the American statistical Association, 70, 755-768.
Haberman, S. J. 1975 Iterative scaling procedures for log-linear models for frequency tables derived by indirect observation. Statistical computing Section, Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 45-50.
Habcrman, S. J. 1977 Product rnodcls for frequency tables involving indirect observation. Annals of Statistics, 5 (6), 1124-1147.
Iris, B., & Barrett, G. V. 1972 Some relations between job and life satisfaction and job importance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 301-304.
Kalleberg, A. L. 1977 Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Keon, T. L., & Mc Donald, B. 1982 Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: An empirical evaluation of their interrelationship. Human Relations, 35, 167-180.
London, M., Crandall, R., & Seals, G. W. 1977 The contribution of job and leisure satisfaction to quality of life. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 328-334.
Lazarsfeld, P.F., & Henry, N. W. 1968 Latent Structure Analysis. New York: Houghton-Mufflin.
Matsuda, N. 1982a A cognitive model for perceptions of class, status and level of living: Evidence from latent structure analysis. Behaviormetrika, No.11, 61-73.
Matsuda, N. 1982b Cognitive models for life and work-related satisfaction: evidence from latent struclure analysis. Discussion Paper, Institute of Socio-Economic Planning, University of Tsukuba, 170 (82-37).
N. H. K. 1979 Gendai Nihonjin-no Ishikikozo.(The attitude structure of the modern Japanese.) Tokyo: N. H. K. Opinion Survey Center.(In Japanese)
Orpen, C. 1978 Work and nonwork satisfaction: A causal-correlational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 530-532.
Rice, R. W., Near, J. P., & Hunt, R. G. 1979 Unique variance in job and life satisfaction as sociated with work-related and extra-workplace variables. Human Relations, 32, 605-623.
Rousseau, D. M. 1978 Relationship of work to nonwork. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63 (4) 513-517.
Tunstall, J. 1962 The fisherman. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
Vogel, E. F. 1979 Japan as number one. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Wilensky, P.1960 Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Satisfaction with life, job, firm and income can be considered as indicators of the latent cognition about one's quality of life. In the present analysis, we postulated that, for most of the Japanese males, a) the two principal dimensions of the cognitive subspace related to covert evaluation of the attained intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of work, b) latent states in these dimensions were to be manifested as job and income satisfaction, respectively, c) job and firm satisfaction were indicators of the same cognition, and d) life satisfaction was the overall evaluation derived from cognition in these dimensions. The postulates were then translated into a latent class model and applied to the data of a large national sample. Although the model in the original form did not meet our acceptance criteria, the reasonable fit was obtained when it was modified to let job satisfaction partially reflect cognition in the other dimension as well. It was also found that there were two classes of people whose cognitive subspace comprised additional dimension (s). However, the classes were small in siec. The results of our analysis provide evidence that both spillover and compensatory effects exist in a large population.
Right : Satisfaction with life, job, firm and income can be considered as indicators of the latent cognition about one's quality of life. In the present analysis, we postulated that, for most of the Japanese males, a) the two principal dimensions of the cognitive subspace related to covert evaluation of the attained intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of work, b) latent states in these dimensions were to be manifested as job and income satisfaction, respectively, c) job and firm satisfaction were indicators of the same cognition, and d) life satisfaction was the overall evaluation derived from cognition in these dimensions. The postulates were then translated into a latent class model and applied to the data of a large national sample. Although the model in the original form did not meet our acceptance criteria, the reasonable fit was obtained when it was modified to let job satisfaction partially reflect cognition in the other dimension as well. It was also found that there were two classes of people whose cognitive subspace comprised additional dimension (s). However, the classes were small in size. The results of our analysis provide evidence that both spillover and compensatory effects exist in a large population.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Andersen, E. B. 1973 Conditional inference for multiple-choice questionnaires. British Journal of Mathematical and Stalistical Psychology, 26, 31-44.
Ando, B. 1978 Hyohon sekkei.(The design of the samples.) In K. Tominaga (Ed.), Shakai Kaiso to Shakai Ido.(Social stratification and mobility.) Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Pp.16-28.(In Japanese)
Clogg, C. C. 1979 Some latent structure models for the analysis of Likert-type data. Social Science Research, 8, 287-301.
Goodman, L. A. 1974a Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biomelrika. 61, 215-230.
Goodman, L. A. 1974b The analysis of systems of qualitative variables when some of the variables are unobservable. Part I: A modified latent structure approach. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 1179-1259.
Goodman, L. A. 1975 A new model for scaling response patterns: An application of the quasiindependent concept. Journal of the American statistical Association, 70, 755-768.
Haberman, S. J. 1975 Iterative scaling procedures for log-linear models for frequency tables derived by indirect observation. Statistical computing Section, Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 45-50.
Habcrman, S. J. 1977 Product rnodcls for frequency tables involving indirect observation. Annals of Statistics, 5 (6), 1124-1147.
Iris, B., & Barrett, G. V. 1972 Some relations between job and life satisfaction and job importance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 301-304.
Kalleberg, A. L. 1977 Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Keon, T. L., & Mc Donald, B. 1982 Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: An empirical evaluation of their interrelationship. Human Relations, 35, 167-180.
London, M., Crandall, R., & Seals, G. W. 1977 The contribution of job and leisure satisfaction to quality of life. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 328-334.
Lazarsfeld, P.F., & Henry, N. W. 1968 Latent Structure Analysis. New York: Houghton-Mufflin.
Matsuda, N. 1982a A cognitive model for perceptions of class, status and level of living: Evidence from latent structure analysis. Behaviormetrika, No.11, 61-73.
Matsuda, N. 1982b Cognitive models for life and work-related satisfaction: evidence from latent struclure analysis. Discussion Paper, Institute of Socio-Economic Planning, University of Tsukuba, 170 (82-37).
N. H. K. 1979 Gendai Nihonjin-no Ishikikozo.(The attitude structure of the modern Japanese.) Tokyo: N. H. K. Opinion Survey Center.(In Japanese)
Orpen, C. 1978 Work and nonwork satisfaction: A causal-correlational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 530-532.
Rice, R. W., Near, J. P., & Hunt, R. G. 1979 Unique variance in job and life satisfaction as sociated with work-related and extra-workplace variables. Human Relations, 32, 605-623.
Rousseau, D. M. 1978 Relationship of work to nonwork. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63 (4) 513-517.
Tunstall, J. 1962 The fisherman. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
Vogel, E. F. 1979 Japan as number one. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Wilensky, P.1960 Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.

Right : Andersen, E. B. 1973 Conditional inference for multiple-choice questionnaires. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 26, 31-44.
Ando, B. 1978 Hyohon sekkei.(The design of the samples.) In K. Tominaga (Ed.), Shakai Kaiso to Shakai Ido.(Social stratification and mobility.) Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Pp.16-28.(In Japanese)
Clogg, C. C. 1979 Some latent structure models for the analysis of Likert-type data. Social Science Research, 8, 287-301.
Goodman, L. A. 1974a Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biometrika. 61, 215-230.
Goodman, L. A. 1974b The analysis of systems of qualitative variables when some of the variables are unobservable. Part I: A modified latent structure approach. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 1179-1259.
Goodman, L. A. 1975 A new model for scaling response patterns: An application of the quasiindependent concept. Journal of the American statistical Association, 70, 755-768.
Haberman, S. J. 1975 Iterative scaling procedures for log-linear models for frequency tables derived by indirect observation. Statistical computing Section, Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 45-50.
Haberman, S. J. 1977 Product models for frequency tables involving indirect observation. Annals of Statistics, 5 (6), 1124-1147.
Iris, B., & Barrett, G. V. 1972 Some relations between job and life satisfaction and job importance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 301-304.
Kalleberg, A. L. 1977 Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Keon, T. L., & McDonald, B. 1982 Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: An empirical evaluation of their interrelationship. Human Relations, 35, 167-180.
London, M., Crandall, R., & Seals, G. W. 1977 The contribution of job and leisure satisfaction to quality of life. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 328-334.
Lazarsfeld, P.F., & Henry, N. W. 1968 Latent Structure Analysis. New York: Houghton-Mufflin.
Matsuda, N. 1982a A cognitive model for perceptions of class, status and level of living: Evidence from latent structure analysis. Behaviormetrika, No.11, 61-73.
Matsuda, N. 1982b Cognitive models for life and work-related satisfaction: evidence from latent structure analysis. Discussion Paper, Institute of Socio-Economic Planning, University of Tsukuba, 170 (82-37).
N. H. K. 1979 Gendai Nihonjin-no Ishikikozo.(The attitude structure of the modern Japanese.) Tokyo: N. H. K. Opinion Survey Center.(In Japanese)
Orpen, C. 1978 Work and nonwork satisfaction: A causal-correlational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 530-532.
Rice, R. W., Near, J. P., & Hunt, R. G. 1979 Unique variance in job and life satisfaction as sociated with work-related and extra-workplace variables. Human Relations, 32, 605-623.
Rousseau, D. M. 1978 Relationship of work to nonwork. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63 (4) 513-517.
Tunstall, J. 1962 The fisherman. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
Vogel, E. F. 1979 Japan as number one. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Wilensky, P.1960 Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.

Abstract

Satisfaction with life, job, firm and income can be considered as indicators of the latent cognition about one's quality of life. In the present analysis, we postulated that, for most of the Japanese males, a) the two principal dimensions of the cognitive subspace related to covert evaluation of the attained intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of work, b) latent states in these dimensions were to be manifested as job and income satisfaction, respectively, c) job and firm satisfaction were indicators of the same cognition, and d) life satisfaction was the overall evaluation derived from cognition in these dimensions. The postulates were then translated into a latent class model and applied to the data of a large national sample. Although the model in the original form did not meet our acceptance criteria, the reasonable fit was obtained when it was modified to let job satisfaction partially reflect cognition in the other dimension as well. It was also found that there were two classes of people whose cognitive subspace comprised additional dimension (s). However, the classes were small in size. The results of our analysis provide evidence that both spillover and compensatory effects exist in a large population.

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