Development of the judgments of kindness in children

KATSUMI NINOMIYA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.29.94

KATSUMI NINOMIYA

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Keywords: judgments of kindness, intentionality, moral judgments, developmental sequences, children

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1987 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 94-98

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.29.94

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Published: June 25, 1987 Received: July 22, 1986 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 20, 1986 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Baldwin, C. P., & Baldwin, A. L. 1970 Children's judgments of kindness. Child Development, 41, 29-47.
Bandura, A., & McDonald, F. 1963 Influence of social reinforcement and the behavior of models in shaping children's moral judgments. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 274-281.
Cowan, P., Langer, J., Heavenrich, J., & Nathanson, M. 1969 Social learning and Piaget's cognitive theory of moral development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 11, 261-274.
Gutkin, D. C. 1972 The effect of systematic story changes on intentionality in children's moral judgments. Child Development, 43, 187-195.
Heidcr, F. 1958 The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Ninomiya, K. 1979 Recognition of intention and effect of modeling on children's moral judgments. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 27, 1-10. (In Japanese with English summary)
Ninomiya, K. 1980 A study of children's moral judgments: An experimental test of the sequentiality of Gutkin's 4 stages. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 28, 18-27. (In Japanese with English summary)
Ninomiya, K. 1982 Development of children's moral judgments: An examination of the developmental synchronism in Gutkin's 4 stages. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 282-286. (In Japanese)
Piaget, J. 1932 The moral judgment of the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Right : Baldwin, C. P., & Baldwin, A. L. 1970 Children's judgments of kindness. Child Development, 41, 29-47.
Bandura, A., & McDonald, F. 1963 Influence of social reinforcement and the behavior of models in shaping children's moral judgments. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 274-281.
Cowan, P., Langer, J., Heavenrich, J., & Nathanson, M. 1969 Social learning and Piaget's cognitive theory of moral development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 11, 261-274.
Gutkin, D. G. 1972 The effect of systematic story changes on intentionality in children's moral judgments. Child Development, 43, 187-195.
Heider, F. 1958 The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Ninomiya, K. 1979 Recognition of intention and effect of modeling on children's moral judgments. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 27, 1-10.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ninomiya, K. 1980 A study of children's moral judgments: An experimental test of the sequentiality of Gutkin's 4 stages. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 28, 18-27.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ninomiya, K. 1982 Development of children's moral judgments: An examination of the developmental synchronism in Gutkin's 4 stages. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 282-286.(In Japanese)
Piaget, J. 1932 The moral judgment of the child. London: Routicdge & Kegan Paul.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental sequence in children's judgments of kindness in a situation of intentionality. The Kindness Judgment Interview was conducted by using three different story types in which parameters on intentions and consequences (benefits) were varied. Sixty-three subjects consisting of kindergarteners, first and third graders were individually interviewed to assess their judgments of kindness. There were no sex differences in judgments, but significant age differences occurred. Judgments of kind acts on the basis of intention were scalable suggesting a 4-stage developmental sequence: (1) intentions irrelevant, (2) intentions relevant but benefits more important, (3) intentions more important than benefits but benefits still relevant, and (4) intentions alone relevant. These findings were consistent with those of Gutkin's study (1972) in children's naughtiness judgments.
Right : The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental sequence in children's judgments of kindness in a situation of intentionality. The Kindness Judgment Interview was conducted by using three different story types in which parameters on intentions and consequences (benefits) were varied. Sixty-three subjects consisting of kindergarteners, first and third graders were individually interviewed to assess their judgments of kindness. There were no sex differences in judgments, but significant age differences occurred. Judgments of kind acts on the basis of intention were scalable suggesting a 4-stage developmental sequence;(1) intentions irrelevant, (2) intentions relevant but benefits more important, (3) intentions more important than benefits but benefits still relevant, and (4) intentions alone relevant. These findings were consistent with those of Gutkin's study (1972) in children's naughtiness judgments.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental sequence in children's judgments of kindness in a situation of intentionality. The Kindness Judgment Interview was conducted by using three different story types in which parameters on intentions and consequences (benefits) were varied. Sixty-three subjects consisting of kindergarteners, first and third graders were individually interviewed to assess their judgments of kindness. There were no sex differences in judgments, but significant age differences occurred. Judgments of kind acts on the basis of intention were scalable suggesting a 4-stage developmental sequence;(1) intentions irrelevant, (2) intentions relevant but benefits more important, (3) intentions more important than benefits but benefits still relevant, and (4) intentions alone relevant. These findings were consistent with those of Gutkin's study (1972) in children's naughtiness judgments.

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