EFFECTS OF FEAR-CONDITIONING AND ELECTRICSHOCK ON ORGANIC NUTRIENT SELECTION IN THE ALBINO RAT

TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.5.1

TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1963 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 1-9

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.5.1

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Published: 1963 Received: January 10, 1963 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: Wrong : EFFECTS OF FEAR-CONDITIONING AND ELECTRIC-SHOCK ON ORGANIC NUTRIENT SELECTION IN THE ALBINO RAT
Right : EFFECTS OF FEAR-CONDITIONING AND ELECTRICSHOCK ON ORGANIC NUTRIENT SELECTION IN THE ALBINO RAT

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Metabolic conditions of organic nutrients are closely related to emotional behavior.
In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the fluctuation of or-ganic nutrient selection in the albino rat for the investigation of the fluctuation in organic nutrient metabolism which paral-lelly proceeded with the fear-conditioning and presentation of shock.
The fluctuation in the selection during a pre-conditioning (or shock) period, con-ditioning period and post-conditioning period were examined.
Casein, starch, olive oil, cod liver oil and dry yeast were subjected to the selection in the separate container and measured every 24 hours.
Experiment consisted of 30 days in 6 periods of 5 days each. Group I animals were given buzzer (AC, 4 V, for 5 see) and electric shock (AC .5 mA, 100 v, for .2 see) with a 5 sec (CS-US) interval for 10 trials with a random (inter trials) inter-val during 30 min per day for 10 days during the 3rd and 4th period.
Group 2 animals were given an electric shock alone under the same condition as Group 1.
Group 3 animals were only put into the grid box under the same condition as Group I without any stimulation.
Group 4 animals were subjected to the selection without any of these treatments.
In Group I and 2, jumping on to a barrier and then into the next small room occurred within 60 sec for the first time during the 3rd period and then 4th, 5th and 6th.
Both jumping latencies decreased rapid-ly and then gradually recovered coin-cidentally with the fluctuation in casein and starch selections.
Casein and starch selections in Group 1 and 2 fluctuated markedly during the 3rd and 4th periods with the fear-conditioning or the presentation of a shock and then the 5th and 6th without any of them.
Casein selections increased and starch selections decreased in all animals.
Increment of casein selection during the 3rd and 4th periods reached mean 182 and 199 per cent of control selection (2nd period) respectively in Group 1, and mean 150 and 177 per cent in Group 2, and recovered to 148 per cent in Group 1, and 140 per cent in Group 2 during the 6th period.
Decrement of starch selection during the 3rd and 4th period reached mean 52 and 31 per cent of control selection in Group 1, and 67 and 45 per cent in Group 2, and decreased again to 24 per cent in Group 1, and 38 per cent in Group 2 during the 6th period.
Standard deviations of the selection fluctuated variously according to the period in both groups.
Selections of other nutrients remained almost constant during any of the period in 4 groups.
Two types were noted in the mode of fluctuation of casein and starch selections among animals in both groups.
In the first type, marked fluctuations were manifested rapidly, and in the second small fluctuations were manifested slowly. Maximum fluctuation in the first type was larger than that in the second.
Inverse correlational tendency was ob-served between fluctuations of casein and starch selections.
The present results indicate the nature of metabolic processes underlying behavior exhibited in emotional situations. It does seem certain that protein and glucide selections do vary in a significant manner depending on the emotional situation ex-perienced by the animal.
Fluctuations in casein and starch selec-tions in Group 1 and 2 were very similar to each other. Possibly these fluctuations were elicited by the primary effect of electric shock per se based on emotional stimulation.
The effect of conditioning on the fluc-tuation in the selection also could not be minimized in addition to that of an electric shock. Because of the fact that increment of protein selection and decrement of glucide selection did not result in the rat subjected to motor activity, it is suggested that increment of casein selection and de-crement of starch selection are a specific fluctuation in the emotional stimulation.
Right : Casein, starch, olive oil, cod liver oil and dry yeast were subjected to the selection separately, and the fluctuations in selection were measured every 24 hrs before, during and after the conditioning (or the electric-shock) period. Experiment consisted of 30 days in 6 periods of 5 days. Group 1 was subjected to 10 classical type of conditioning (CS, AC 4V buzzer, 5″ US, AC.5 mA, 100 V shock, . 2″) during 30′ per day for 10 days. Group 2 was presented shock alone. Group 3 was put into the grid box. Group 4 was free from them. In Group 1 and 2, selection of casein increased and of starch decreased markedly during 3rd and 4th, and then 5th and 6th period in all animals, parallelly with the decrease in jumping latency. Selections of other nutrients remained constant during any of the period in 4 groups. It was suggested that the fluctuation in selection is a specific one resulted from the emotional stimulation.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : GRIFFITHS, W. J. Jr. Diet selections of rats subjected to stress. Ann. Nets; York Acad. Sci., 1956, 67, 3-9.
HARRIS, L. J., CLAY, J., HARGREAVES, F. J., & WARD, A. Appetite and choice of diet. The abiliy of the vitamin B deficient rat to discriminate between diets containing and lacking the vitamin. Proc. Royal Soc., 1933, B, 113.
MITCHELL, H. S., & MENDEL, L. B. The choice between adequate and inadequate diet, as made by rats and mice. Amer. J. Psychol., 1921, 58-61.
SHIGEHISA, T. Changes in urinary excretion of chlor under fear-conditioning. Reported at 21st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology., 1961. (In Japanese).

Right : GRIFFITHS, W. J. Jr. Diet selections of rats subjected to stress. Ann. New York Acad. Sri., 1956, 67, 3-9.
HARRIS, L. J., CLAY, J., HARGREAVES, F. J., & WARD, A. Appetite and choice of diet. The ability of the vitamin B deficient rat to discriminate between diets containing and lacking the vitamin. Proc. Royal Soc., 1933, B, 113.
MITCHELL, H. S., & MENDEL, L. B. The choice between adequate and inadequate diet, as made by rats and mice. Amer.J. Psychol., 1921, 58-61.
SHIGEHISA, T. Changes in urinary excretion of chlor under fear-conditioning. Reported at 21st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology., 1961.(In Japanese).

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Casein, starch, olive oil, cod liver oil and dry yeast were subjected to the selection separately, and the fluctuations in selection were measured every 24 hrs before, during and after the conditioning (or the electric-shock) period. Experiment consisted of 30 days in 6 periods of 5 days. Group 1 was subjected to 10 classical type of conditioning (CS, AC 4V buzzer, 5″ US, AC.5 mA, 100 V shock, . 2″) during 30′ per day for 10 days. Group 2 was presented shock alone. Group 3 was put into the grid box. Group 4 was free from them. In Group 1 and 2, selection of casein increased and of starch decreased markedly during 3rd and 4th, and then 5th and 6th period in all animals, parallelly with the decrease in jumping latency. Selections of other nutrients remained constant during any of the period in 4 groups. It was suggested that the fluctuation in selection is a specific one resulted from the emotional stimulation.
Right : Casein, starch, olive oil, cod liver oil and dry yeast were subjected to the selection separately, and the fluctuations in selection were measured every 24 hrs before, during and after the conditioning (or the electric-shock) period. Experiment consisted of 30 days in 6 periods of 5 days. Group 1 was subjected to 10 classical type of conditioning (CS, AC 4V buzzer, 5″; US, AC. 5 mA, 100V shock, . 2″) during 30′ per day for 10 days. Group 2 was presented shock alone. Group 3 was put into the grid box. Group 4 was free from them. In Group 1 and 2, selection of casein increased and of starch decreased markedly during 3rd and 4th, and then 5th and 6th period in all animals, parallelly with the decrease in jumping latency. Selections of other nutrients remained constant during any of the period in 4 groups. It was suggested that the fluctuation in selection is a specific one resulted from the emotional stimulation.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : GRIFFITHS, W. J. Jr. Diet selections of rats subjected to stress. Ann. New York Acad. Sri., 1956, 67, 3-9.
HARRIS, L. J., CLAY, J., HARGREAVES, F. J., & WARD, A. Appetite and choice of diet. The ability of the vitamin B deficient rat to discriminate between diets containing and lacking the vitamin. Proc. Royal Soc., 1933, B, 113.
MITCHELL, H. S., & MENDEL, L. B. The choice between adequate and inadequate diet, as made by rats and mice. Amer.J. Psychol., 1921, 58-61.
SHIGEHISA, T. Changes in urinary excretion of chlor under fear-conditioning. Reported at 21st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology., 1961.(In Japanese).

Right : GRIFFITHS, W. J. Jr. Diet selections of rats subjected to stress. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1956, 67, 3-9.
HARRIS, L. J., CLAY, J., HARGREAVES, F. J., & WARD, A. Appetite and choice of diet. The ability of the vitamin B deficient rat to discriminate between diets containing and lacking the vitamin. Proc. Royal Soc., 1933, B, 113.
MITCHELL, H. S., & MENDEL, L. B. The choice between adequate and inadequate diet, as made by rats and mice. Amer. J. Psychol., 1921, 58-61.
SHIGEHISA, T. Changes in urinary excretion of chlor under fear-conditioning. Reported at 21st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology., 1961.(In Japanese).

Abstract

Casein, starch, olive oil, cod liver oil and dry yeast were subjected to the selection separately, and the fluctuations in selection were measured every 24 hrs before, during and after the conditioning (or the electric-shock) period. Experiment consisted of 30 days in 6 periods of 5 days. Group 1 was subjected to 10 classical type of conditioning (CS, AC 4V buzzer, 5″; US, AC. 5 mA, 100V shock, . 2″) during 30′ per day for 10 days. Group 2 was presented shock alone. Group 3 was put into the grid box. Group 4 was free from them. In Group 1 and 2, selection of casein increased and of starch decreased markedly during 3rd and 4th, and then 5th and 6th period in all animals, parallelly with the decrease in jumping latency. Selections of other nutrients remained constant during any of the period in 4 groups. It was suggested that the fluctuation in selection is a specific one resulted from the emotional stimulation.

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