EFFECTS OF INDUCING LUMINANCE AND AREA UPON THE APPARENT BRIGHTNESS OF TEST FIELD

SHUKO TORII; YASUKO UEMURA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.7.86

SHUKO TORII, YASUKO UEMURA

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1965 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 86-100

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.7.86

[Correction] Jpn. Psychol. Res Vol.7 No.3 (1965) pp.149-149

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Published: 1965 Received: June 27, 1965 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The present study was designed to ex-amine whether the apparent brightness of the test field was affected by varying the inducing-field luminance and area, by using a binocular matching method. The test field was disc-shaped and, in Exp. I and II, was surrounded by a contiguous annular inducing field.
Effects of inducing-luminance and area upon the test brightness were studied in Exp. I. The main results were as fol-lows: (1) As the luminance of the inducing field increased from zero to some extent, the test field brightness was slightly en-hanced. As the inducing luminance reached, or exceeded, the test luminance, the test brightness began to be depressed. (2) The position of the enhancement showed a tendency to move towards the lower luminance along the inducing-field luminance axis as the inducing area in-creased. (3) As the inducing area in-creased, depression began to occur at the point where the inducing luminance was less than the test luminance.
Exp. II was designed to examine whether the test brightness surrounded by the in-ducing field of equal luminance could be affected by varying area of the inducing field. Apparent test brightness was found to decrease gradually with increasing area.
Exp. III was designed to examine whether the apparent brightness of a field could be changed by varying its area. At the higher test luminances, the apparent brightness was found to decrease gradually with increasing area. At the lowest test luminance, on the other hand, a slight in-crease in brightness was observed.
The results of Exp. II and III, except slight differences between them, were found to be consistent with those of Exp. I. Possible sources for the disagreement be-tween the previous investigators and ours were briefly discussed.
Right : The present study was designed to examine whether the apparent brightness of the test field was affected by varying the inducing field luminance and area. Binocular matching method was used. The apparent brightness of the test field was measured by the method of adjustment. The test field was disc-shaped and, in Experiment I and II, was surrounded by a contiguous annular inducing field of different areas. Effects of inducing luminance and area upon the test brightness were studied in Experiment I. In Experiment II, the test brightness surrounded by the inducing field of equal luminance was measured. It was also examined whether the apparent brightness of a field could be changed by varying its area in Experiment III.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BEITEL, R. J. 1936 Inhibition of threshold ex. citation in the human eye. J, gen. Psychol., 14,31-61.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1953 Foveal simultaneous bright-ness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-field luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 45, 304-314.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1955 Foveal simultaneous con-trast as a function of inducing-field area. J, exp. Psychol., 50, 144-152.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1960 A theory of depression and enhancement in the brightness response. Psychol. Rev., 67, 168-199.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1962 Brightness of a field as a function of its area. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 52, 700-706.
FRY, G. A., & ALPERN, M. 1953 The effect of a peripheral glare source upon the apparent brightness of an object. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 43, 189-195.
HANES, R. M. 1951 Suprathreshold area bright-ness relationships. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 41, 28-31.
HEINEMANN, E. G. 1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing-and test-field luminances. J. exp, Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HESS, C., & PRETORI, H. 1894 Messende Unter-suchungen über die Gesetzmässigkeit des si-multanen Helligkeitskontrastes, Graefes Arch. Ophth., 40, 1-24. (Heinemann, E. 0. 1955 ,J. exp. Psychol., 50)
LEIBOWITZ, H., MOTE, F. A., & THURLOW, W. R. 1953 Simultaneous contrast as a function of separation between test and inducing fields. J. exp. Psychol., 46, 453-456.
MACLEOD, R. B. 1947 The effects of artificial penumbrae on the brightness of included areas. Miscellanea Psychologica Albert Michotte, Lou. vain: Inst. Sup. Philos. (Heinemann, E.G. 1955 -7. exp. Psychol., 50)

Right : BEITEL, R. J. 1936 Inhibition of threshold excitation in the human eye. J. gen. Psychol., 14, 31-61.
DLAMOND, A. L. 1953 Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-field luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 45, 304-314.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1955 Foveal simultaneous contrast as a function of inducing-field area. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 141 152.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1960 A theory of depression and enhancement in the brightness response. Psychol. Rev., 67, 168-199.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1962 Brightness of a field as a function of its area. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 52, 700-706.
FRY, G. A., & ALPERN, M. 1953 The effect of a peripheral glare source upon the apparent brightness of an object. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 43, 189-195.
HANES, R. M. 1951 Suprathreshold area brightness relationships. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 41, 28-31.
HEINEMANN, E. G. 1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and testfield luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HESS, C., & PRETORI, H. 1894 Messende Untersuehungen uber die Gesetzmassigkeit des simultanen Helligkeitskontrastes. Graefes Arch. Ophlh., 40, 1-24.(Heinemann, E. G. 1955 J. exp. Psychol., 50)
LETBOWITZ, H., Mom, F. A., & THURLOW, W. R. 1953 Simultaneous contrast as a function of separation between test and inducing fields. J. exp. Psychol., 46, 453-456.
MACLEOD, R. B. 1947 The effects of artificial penumbrae on the brightness of included areas. Miscellanea Psychologica Alherl Michelle. Louvain: Inst. Sup. Philos.(Heinemann, E. G. 1955 J. exp. Psychol., 50)

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BEITEL, R. J. 1936 Inhibition of threshold excitation in the human eye. J. gen. Psychol., 14, 31-61.
DLAMOND, A. L. 1953 Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-field luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 45, 304-314.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1955 Foveal simultaneous contrast as a function of inducing-field area. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 141 152.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1960 A theory of depression and enhancement in the brightness response. Psychol. Rev., 67, 168-199.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1962 Brightness of a field as a function of its area. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 52, 700-706.
FRY, G. A., & ALPERN, M. 1953 The effect of a peripheral glare source upon the apparent brightness of an object. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 43, 189-195.
HANES, R. M. 1951 Suprathreshold area brightness relationships. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 41, 28-31.
HEINEMANN, E. G. 1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and testfield luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HESS, C., & PRETORI, H. 1894 Messende Untersuehungen uber die Gesetzmassigkeit des simultanen Helligkeitskontrastes. Graefes Arch. Ophlh., 40, 1-24.(Heinemann, E. G. 1955 J. exp. Psychol., 50)
LETBOWITZ, H., Mom, F. A., & THURLOW, W. R. 1953 Simultaneous contrast as a function of separation between test and inducing fields. J. exp. Psychol., 46, 453-456.
MACLEOD, R. B. 1947 The effects of artificial penumbrae on the brightness of included areas. Miscellanea Psychologica Alherl Michelle. Louvain: Inst. Sup. Philos.(Heinemann, E. G. 1955 J. exp. Psychol., 50)

Right : BEITEL, R. J. 1936 Inhibition of threshold excitation in the human eye. J. gen. Psychol., 14, 31-61.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1953 Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-field luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 45, 304-314.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1955 Foveal simultaneous contrast as a function of inducing-field area. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 144-152.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1960 A theory of depression and enhancement in the brightness response. Psychol. Rev., 67, 168-199.
DIAMOND, A. L. 1962 Brightness of a field as a function of its area. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 52, 700-706.
FRY, G. A., & ALPERN, M. 1953 The effect of a peripheral glare source upon the apparent brightness of an object. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 43, 189-195.
HANES, R. M. 1951 Suprathreshold area brightness relationships. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 41, 28-31.
HEINEMANN, E. G. 1955 Simultaneous brightness induction as a function of inducing- and testfield luminances. J. exp. Psychol., 50, 89-96.
HESS, C., & PRETORI, H. 1894 Messende Untersuchungen über die Gesetzmässigkeit des simultanen Helligkeitskontrastes. Graefes Arch. Ophth., 40, 1-24.(Heinemann, E. G. 1955 J. exp. Psychol., 50)
LEIBOWITZ, H., MOTE, F. A., & THURLOW, W. R. 1953 Simultaneous contrast as a function of separation between test and inducing fields. J. exp. Psychol., 46, 453-456.
MACLEOD, R. B. 1947 The effects of artificial penumbrae on the brightness of included areas. Miscellanea Psychologica Albert Michotte. Louvain: Inst. Sup. Philos.(Heinemann, E. G. 1955 J. exp. Psychol., 50)

Abstract

The present study was designed to examine whether the apparent brightness of the test field was affected by varying the inducing field luminance and area. Binocular matching method was used. The apparent brightness of the test field was measured by the method of adjustment. The test field was disc-shaped and, in Experiment I and II, was surrounded by a contiguous annular inducing field of different areas. Effects of inducing luminance and area upon the test brightness were studied in Experiment I. In Experiment II, the test brightness surrounded by the inducing field of equal luminance was measured. It was also examined whether the apparent brightness of a field could be changed by varying its area in Experiment III.

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