Abstract
Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous and constitutes the primordial environment for human beings on Earth. With advancements in technology, the average radiation dose per capita has been steadily increasing. According to estimates from the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the current average annual dose received by an individual from natural sources is 2.24 mSv, while artificial sources, primarily from radiological diagnostics, contribute an additional 0.6 mSv. Among natural sources, the focus is primarily on indoor radon concentration and its dose trends, as well as its attributable contribution to lung cancer. In terms of artificial sources, the emphasis is on occupational exposure received by workers and the medical exposure associated with radiological diagnostics especially CT scanning for a large number of
patients.
In the field of occupational exposure, there are about 75,300 radiological diagnosis and therapy institutions, including more than 30,000 hospitals and over 30,000 township health centers and some specialized health/medical institutions, employing approximately 520,000 radiation workers across various disciplines such as radiological diagnostics, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy. Additionally, the industrial sector comprises over 16,000 radiation work units and more than 200,000 radiation workers. The nuclear industry also employs a significant number of radiation workers.
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