Abstract
The dynamics of soil nutrients and their coupling mechanisms with crop growth constitute a core scientific question for understanding agroecosystem functions, enhancing nutrient use efficiency, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. In the context of increasingly complex agricultural production systems and tightening resource and environmental constraints, traditional static and experience-based fertilization practices can no longer meet the modern demands for precision, greenness, and system integration. This paper reviews key recent advances in the regulation of soil nutrient dynamics and crop nutritional responses, with a focus on five representative frontier areas: (1) the integrated application of precision fertilization and intelligent decision-support systems; (2) the regulatory roles of rhizosphere microecological processes and functional microorganisms in nutrient transformation; (3) the characterization of spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil nutrients and dynamic modeling approaches; (4) the mechanisms stabilizing nutrient supply and demand under extreme climate conditions; and (5) the coupling potential of nanotechnology in nutrient slow-release and efficient crop uptake. By integrating perspectives from soil science, crop nutrition, and agricultural engineering, this paper aims to provide theoretical foundations and technological pathways for building efficient, intelligent, and eco-friendly soil nutrient management systems, offering valuable scientific insights and practical implications for the advancement of precision and green agriculture.
