Abstract
Maize–peanut intercropping systems, row ratio configurations, agronomic traits, and economic benefits have become important research topics in the optimization of intercropping agriculture and efficient resource utilization. Based on field positioning experiments, this study systematically constructed a dataset of agronomic traits and economic benefits under different row ratio configurations in a maize–peanut intercropping system, including monocropping patterns and multiple intercropping treatments. The dataset contains growth indicators such as maize plant height, ear height, stem diameter, root number, and aboveground dry matter accumulation, as well as key agronomic traits of peanut, including main stem height, lateral branch length, and branch number. In addition, yield data and comprehensive economic benefit assessments for all treatments were integrated into the dataset. Unified field management practices, standardized observation procedures, and replicated experimental designs were adopted to ensure data standardization, reproducibility, and cross-treatment comparability. The results demonstrated that different row ratio configurations significantly affected population structure, interspecific growth competition, and economic output characteristics of maize and peanut, among which the 8:8 row ratio treatment exhibited superior performance in terms of crop synergistic growth and overall economic benefits. This dataset can provide high-quality baseline data for studies on resource competition mechanisms, interspecific synergistic effects, and agricultural economic evaluation models in intercropping systems, while also offering reliable data support and scientific references for regional optimization of intercropping patterns, precision agricultural decision-making, and the development of sustainable agricultural production systems, thereby possessing important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting efficient ecological agriculture.
