Diffuse Aspiration Bronchiolitis in a Young Adult without Significant Comorbidities: A Case Report Highlighting Habitual Alcohol Consumption as a Possible Cause

Abstract

Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) refers to chronic inflammation of the bronchioles caused by repeated microaspiration. It is commonly observed in older individuals with dysphagia or specific underlying diseases. However, few cases have been reported in younger individuals without significant medical history. This report presents the case of a 36-year-old woman with a history of habitual alcohol consumption who developed a persistent cough following episodes of excessive alcohol intake and recurrent vomiting. Chest computed tomography revealed a tree-in-bud appearance and bilateral consolidation of the lower lobes. A transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) confirmed the diagnosis of DAB through the identification of foreign-body granulomas. The patient's symptoms improved with alcohol abstinence and lifestyle modifications. This case underscores habitual alcohol consumption as a potential risk factor for DAB in younger individuals and highlights the diagnostic value of TBLB, particularly when surgical lung biopsy is not feasible. Addressing modifiable risk factors is critical for effective management and prevention of recurrent DAB.