Visualization of scattered X-rays sources using a pinhole camera in general radiography, computed tomography examinations, and interventional radiology

Abstract

With the reduction of the equivalent dose limit to the lens of the eye, effective management of occupational radiation exposure is imperative. This study, as one of the approaches to radiation visualization based on actual measurements, conducted a phantom study using a self-made lead pinhole camera to identify the source of scattered X-rays in general radiography, computed tomography (CT) examinations, and interventional radiology procedures. The aim is to obtain materials to optimize protection against scattered X-rays. In addition to patient phantoms, considerable X-rays were found to emanate from equipment components such as the diaphragm cover of the X-ray tube, bed, and mylar ring (the window of the gantry aperture) of the CT equipment. Recommendations include implementing more appropriate protective measures, such as improving the standing position of medical staff and adjusting how protective shield is used. Future research will quantify the pinhole image and develop the real-time visualization of pinhole images.