Design Based on an Understanding of Human Characteristics

—From the Viewpoint of Ergonomics—

Abstract

With the evolution of society and the increasing trend of the philosophy of universal design, there is a demand for easy-to-use, comfortable, safety and health products for various types of users. Many universal design products have been developed based on ergonomics. However, many products are still not suitable for the users. The target users of universal design are not limited to the elderly and disabled people. The barriers of individual differences in physiological and mental functions, knowledge and experience, cultures, languages, and lifestyles of users must be removed for making universal design products suitable for all users. The term “universal design” is defined as the design that aims to satisfy various users, in a fair and equitable manner, corresponding to their varied needs. Therefore, methods were developed to measure human physiological and mental characteristics and the needs of users. The human data acquired by such methods are indispensable for applying the design values of a universally usable product. The database comprising these human data was obtained to determine these design value. However, the raw data cited from this database should be converted into information that can be used for creating the appropriate design. Further, methods should be developed for interpreting and transforming such data, and the process of resolution should be clarified to apply the appropriate design values.