Neuroendovascular Training Using Hollow 3D Printed Cerebral Aneurysm Model

Abstract

With the increasing use of endovascular treatment, training the practitioners has become essential. Skills have traditionally been acquired through surgical participation, but off-the-job training (OFF-JT) offers greater flexibility and practical learning and is more effective. This paper introduces our developed approach for OFF-JT. Using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images, we create hollow cerebral vasculature models using a 3D printer. Training was then conducted using fluoroscopy or direct visualization. With aneurysm models, procedures including microcatheter navigation and stent or coil deployment can be performed. Thrombectomy training allows practitioners to simulate clot retrieval and practice the use of different devices for improving their understanding of each device's characteristics. These low-cost, realistic 3D models enable diverse training without specialized equipment and allow the replication of real procedures. This shifts surgical education from “watching” to “performing, ” making it suitable for practical training needs. Future efforts should focus on expanding training and integrating objective skill evaluations.