Abstract
Significant amount of boiled sand was observed in the area of liquefied ground after the Great East Japan earthquake. In this study, a series of model tests was conducted in order to understand the mechanism of sand eruption through the gap of pavement when liquefaction occurs. Liquefaction and sand boiling was simulated in the model test. Sand grains initially moved horizontally and then vertically, causing disturbance and loosening in the ground. Velocity of the water is the most important factor for the sand eruption. It was found that the hydraulic gradient for the sand boiling was larger than the critical hydraulic gradient.
