Abstract
We experimentally formed snow dimples on artificial snow layers via a snow- and rainfall device and observed these in cross-section. Time sequences of density, water content, and thermo-graphic images show local and little water penetrations in the low-density layer under the water-saturated layer during the initial stage. After these penetrations were observed across the cross-section, snow dimples formed on the snow surface. Initial water penetrations at 0ºC affected the growth of snow particles and their aperture. This metamorphism of snow under the water-saturated layer caused both the decrease of the water entry capillary pressure and the increase of the volume of impounded water. Consequently, high penetration in the metamorphosed snow layer rapidly changed to granular snow, forming snow dimples on the snow surface.
