Frictional Electrification of Single Crystal I
1969 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Details
1969 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
It is known that when two pieces of ice rods were rubbed asymmetrically, the colder ice rod with the variable rubbing point is electrified positively, and the other warmer ice rod with the constant rubbing point is electrified negatively. And this observational fact is generally understood to be caused by the temperature difference in the two ice rods, namely the colder ice with the variable rubbing point and the warmer ice with the constant rubbing point.
However as reported by the authors in the previous article, it was found that when a polycrystal ice rod was rubbed with a single crystal ice rod, the polycrystal ice was electrified positively regardless of the temperature difference. Accordingly, it seemed that the difference in the crystal character fact was more effective than the temperature difference on the frictional electrification.
Therefore as the next step of the experiment, the authors noted the effect of difference in crystal axes on the frictional electrification, and they prepared the basal plane and the prism plane of ice. The frictional experiment was carried out at the temperature range of-10°C-21°C in a colder chamber of the Institute of Low Temperature Science. The results of the experiment obtained are as follows.
1) When two ice surfaces with the same crystal planes, asymmetrically the ice of the warmer surface was always electrified negatively, as expected from the thermoelectricity.
2) The ice surface of the prism plane was rubbed with the ice surface of basal plane, the former was electrified positively unregardless of temperature difference.
3) When the rubbing of ice surfaces with difference crystal axes were continued for several hundred seconds, the sign of electrification was reversed. This perhaps was caused by the change in the rubbing surface.
From the experimented results, it was concluded that the ice surface of prism plane was charged positively when it was rubbed with the ice surface of basal plane, and the effect by the difference in the crystal axis is stronger than that by the temnerature difference.
