1994 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 325-333
Heaving tests were conducted to study the characteristics of frost heaving in soils under tri-axial stress in an open system apparatus, in which the stress σ1 in the direction of heat flow and stress σ3 in the rectangular direction of heat flow were arbitrarily assigned to the specimen. Frost expansion occurred not only in the direction of heat flow but also in the rectangular direction and depended on σ1 and σ3. A σ1 increased, the frost heave ratio ξ1 in the direction of heat flow decreased and frost heave ratio ξ3 in the rectangular direction increased. A σ3 increased, ξ1 increased and ξ3 decreased. Volume frost heave ratio ξv decreased with the increase in σ1 or σ3, but the decrease tended to stop when these stresses increased above a certain value. The experimental results of ξ1 and ξ3 could be fitted to the experimental formulas expressed as a function of σ1 and σ3.The results from a different heaving test, performed by confining the specimen in a cylinder, were in satisfactory agreement with the values calculated by formulas based on ξ3=0.
