Losses in Pipe and Duct Systems : Part 1-Head Losses in Miter Bends

Abstract

This study has been made on the mechanisms of head loss in turbulent flow, and shows quantitatively that head losses are caused by the flow impact of fluid on the wall. The author has introduced theoretical equations which express the loss coefficients for miter bends; these equations well represent the actual phenomenon. In addition, the theoretical equations are modified by coefficients which were determined on the basis of the experimental results of many researchers.