2006 Volume 49 Issue 5 Pages 683-692
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the efficacy of dietary supplementation with anotioxidative vitamins, vitamin (C(VC) and E(VE), for preventing progression of periodontal disease in nonsmokers. A total of 42 patients in periodontal maintenance were randomly assigned to the test group, VC (1,000mg/day) and VE (135mg/day) or the placebo group. Two subjects were dropped from the study due to incidental reasons. Plaque index (PII), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), blleding on probing (BOP), serum level of VC and VE, and several antioxidant levels from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks following the supplementation. Serum VC and Ve levels in the test group increased significantly at 12 and 24 weeks. BOP and PPD were significantly improved (p<0.05) in the test group at 12 and 24 weeks. BOP and PPD were significantly improved (p<0.05) in the test group at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, by the subject based analysis compared with the status at the baseline. The test group demonstrated a significant improvement against the placebo group in both GI and BOP at 12 and 24 weeks (p<0.05). VC and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of GCF in the test group significantly increased at 12 and 24 weeks in comparison with the baseline (p<0.01). Although VE level of GCF significantly decreased from that at the baseline in the placebo group, no change was observed in the test group. Furthermore, in regard to the sites with no gingival inflammation (GI=0) at the baseline, significant increases in the change of GSH and VC levels of GCF were found in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The exacerbation of GI at these sites in the test group was significantly suppressed compared with that of the placebo group (p<0.05). As to the sites with gingival inflammation (GI≧1) at the baseline, there were no significant differences between the test group and the placebo group in the changes of these parameters. These results suggest that supplements of VC and VE may prevent periodontal disease in non-smokers during the periodontal maintenance period through controlling oxidative status in the periodontal tissues.
