The Application of Glass Filler with Fluorine to Tooth Coating Materials

Abstract

Objective; This study examined the physical properties, anti-plaque effects and biocompatibility of tooth coating materials containing surface reaction type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler. Materials and Methods; Tooth coating material containing S-PRG filler as the experimental group (BW) and commercially available WhiteCoat (WC) as the reference group were tested. Physical properties were determined by analyzing the following: flexural strength, flexural modulus, Knoop hardness, radiopacity, toothbrush abrasion and surface roughness. Materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Each sample was applied to the buccal surface of a first molar, and then observed. After application of each material they were either polished (BW-GP group) or light-cured (BW-GE group). Streptococcus oralis was used in the bacterial adhesion test for evaluation of anti-bacterial effects. The samples were immersed in sterile distilled water and cell culture medium, and elution elements were quantified. The cytotoxic test was performed using HeLa cells. Results; BW exhibited a greater flexural strength and flexural modulus than WC. Regarding the Knoop hardness, BW had approximately 3 times greater strength than WC. WC was not radiopaque. The surface roughness test showed no significant differences between each material. The toothbrush abrasion in BW was higher than that in WC. SEM analysis revealed a filler of about 1-15μm in BW. As a result of the TEM observation, nano filler was confirmed at filler and matrix division of about 1μm in BW, and nano filler of about 100nm was observed in WC. Several bacteria were observed on the surface of BW-GE and WC applied to the buccal side of the first molar. On the other hand, no bacterial adhesion was observed and the surface structure layer was visible for BW-GP. Bacterial adhesion to BW-GE and BW-GP was less than that to WC. In the antibacterial test, no significant difference was observed between the materials. The elution elements B and Sr were detected from BW immersed in sterile distilled water, and Na and F were detected in WC. In the cytotoxic test, there was a significant difference between the materials. The degree of cell proliferation in BW was 98.4%, and that in WC was 61.8%. Conclusions; BW containing S-PRG filler exhibited good anti-plaque effects, physical properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, clinical application of BW is suggested.