2018 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 17-29
Purpose: In an animal experiment with enamel matrix derivative (EMD), which is commonly used as a material for periodontal tissue regeneration, a substance consistent with the partial sequence of amelogenin exon 5 was identified. Investigators synthesized a peptide with the same amino acid sequence, and examined its usefulness for periodontal tissue regeneration in vivo and in vitro. However, no in vivo experiment has compared the peptide with EMD.
Materials and Methods: Periodontal tissue defects were artificially prepared in the maxillary molar region of rats, and a new synthetic peptide (new synthetic peptide group) or EMD (EMD group) was applied to the site of defect. Specimens at this site were prepared 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery, and histopathologically and immunohistochemically examined using anti-type III collagen antibody.
Results: The histopathological findings 3 days after surgery were similar among the control, new synthetic peptide, and EMD groups. Five days after surgery, the disappearance of blood clots at the site of defect was confirmed in the new synthetic peptide and EMD groups, whereas blood clots remained in the control group. Silver impregnation 7 days after surgery showed an osteoid calcified body with reticular fibers at the periphery in both the new synthetic peptide and EMD groups. Immunohistochemically, in the two groups, type III collagen appeared and attenuated earlier than in the control group. In the two groups, the deep epithelial proliferation inhibition rates 5 or 7 days after surgery were significantly lower than in the control group.
Conclusion: Like EMD, novel synthetic peptide promoted the early wound healing process in periodontal tissues compared to the control, suggesting that it has action to accelerate periodontal regeneration.
