Transitions and Future Challenges in Gender Equality and Science, Technology and Innovation Policies Targeting Women Researchers

Abstract

Evidence indicates that Japan’s proportion of women researchers is extremely low by international standards. In the 'Second Basic Plan for Gender Equality,' science and technology were identified as fields requiring new initiatives. The 'Third Basic Plan for Science and Technology' strengthened efforts to support women researchers. Building on these plans, MEXT began allocating budgetary resources to promote women researchers in 2006. While the proportion has increased, Japan still ranks lowest among OECD countries. This paper reviews initiatives aimed at supporting women researchers and underscores the need for a "selection and concentration" approach in resource allocation, particularly in the fields of mathematics, physics, information science, and engineering, where the participation rate of women researchers remains low.