Abstract
The collapse of timber frame houses during an earthquake was analyzed by the 3-dimensional (3D) Distinct Element Method (DEM). The structure is modeled as an assembly of distinct elements which are connected by virtual springs and dashpots where element are in contact. A timber frame house with simple structural elements such as beams, columns, floors and a roof was modeled. Damage to human bodies also was considered. Human bodies were modeled as circles and placed on the floor. The maximum impact acceleration experienced by a human body during an earthquake was calculated. Damage to humans in houses is discussed based on the Chest-G index and Head Injury Criteria (HIC) widely used in automobile engineering.
