The development of the measurement of Individual Differences in Implicit “Ingratiation with Superiors”

Abstract

The measurement of individual differences in implicit “Ingratiation with Superiors” was developed to prevent violations. Study 1 (N=20) showed that the measurement exhibited good internal consistency. Study 2 (N=15) showed that the measurement had good internal consistency again and good stability (mean interval time of about7). Study 3 (N=36) examined the validity of implicit and explicit measures and show that implicit “Ingratiation with Superiors” was related to decision making of violation. The results suggest the implicit measure has high reliability and high validity. Finally, we discussed the utility of the implicit measure for risk management of organization.