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How to Understand the Lightest Scalars(§4. Meson Spectroscopy and Quark Model,Possible Existence of the σ-Meson and Its Implications to Hadron Physics)
Nils A. TORNQVIST
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2001 Volume 102 Issue 5 Pages E133-E138

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Abstract
Based on previous papers I discuss how I understand the lightest scalars using a general coupled channel model. This model includes all light two-pseudoscalar thresholds, constraints from Adler zeroes, flavour symmetric couplings, unitarity and physically acceptable analyticity. One finds that with a large coupling there can appear two physical resonance poles on the second sheet although only one bare quark-antiquark state is put in. The f_0(≈ 980) and f_0(≈ 1370) resonance poles are thus in this model two manifestations of the same strange-antistrange quark state. On the other hand, the isoscalax state containing u and d quarks becomes (when unitarized and strongly distorted by hadronic mass shifts) a very broad resonance, with its pole at 470-i250 MeV. This is the sigma meson required by models for spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry.
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