Service Diversity Among Municipalities in the Support Programs for the Self-reliance of Needy Persons

A Quantitative Analysis

Abstract

This study examines why and how the policy implementation systems for the Support for the Self-reliance of Needy Persons （SSNP） have become so diverse among municipalities in Osaka Prefecture. We analyse service provision, client numbers and support measures to identify the policy patterns of each municipality. The analysis reveals three main findings : First, municipalities with a high Area Deprivation Index have received a more significant number of new consultations, which indicates that the number within SSNP accurately reflects the local area’s needs. Second, we did not find evidence that comprehensive projects are being developed in areas with high levels of deprivation. Third, although relatively few, some municipalities are addressing both the demand and supply sides of the labour market. Such municipalities support individuals facing significant difficulties and implement support measures for those in need by engaging employers through initiatives such as job fairs and placements. The four municipalities discussed in this special issue can be identified as those that have fostered cooperative relationships with various local groups and established a comprehensive support system for those in need by utilising local resources.