Numerical analysis of rock fracture process in air-deck blasting to clarify its effect on rock fragmentation and ground vibration control

Abstract

Controlling rock fragmentation and ground vibration is essential in rock blasting to ensure resource uniformity and mitigate environmental impacts. The air-deck blasting method, which incorporates an air gap into the blasthole, has been widely employed to address these challenges. Building on prior research, we developed a modified air-deck charging technique utilizing a paraffin-waxed paper tube to create a stable air gap, demonstrating reductions in vibration levels and enhanced fragment uniformity. Despite its practical advantages, the mechanisms underlying this method remain partially understood. To investigate these mechanisms, we applied three-dimensional combined finite-discrete element method (3-DFDEM) simulations, analyzing mainly rock fragmentation, and ground vibration patterns. The comparative results between conventional and air-deck blasting provide valuable insights into the method’s performance and potential applications.