Volume change characteristic of sand considering loading history

Abstract

A constitutive model is proposed to evaluate volumetric change during and post liquefaction. Conventional models used in this issue have fatal shortage to be used for post liquefaction consolidation analysis; volume change is uniquely determined by the change of effective stress from the liquefaction to the complete excess porewater dissipation. In other words, they cannot explain the fact that volume change depends on amount of loading during liquefaction. Then a new volume change model is proposed, in which modulus is expressed as a function with respect to effective stress and dilatancy. This model has several advantages compared with conventional models. Dependency of volume change on loading is considered, therefore this model can be used for during and post liquefaction. Numerical calculation is made and this model is shown to work well.