Abstract
A number of studies have noted the elevated expression of several growth factors and receptors in pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. In preclinical models, disruption of these signaling pathways inhibits neuroendocrine cell growth. Several multicenter clinical trials have been conducted in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas to evaluate molecular agents that target growth factor signaling, holding promise for improved prognoses for patients in the future.