Imaging modalities for pancreatic NEN

-Focusing on EUS-

Abstract

Imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN) is for ① tumor detection, ② differential diagnosis, ③ tumor staging, ④ evaluation of treatment response, and ⑤ evaluation of recurrence. However, if the tumor is not detected, evaluation of ② to ⑤ cannot be performed. Detection of tumors, pancreatic cancer and pNEN with US, CT or MRI can be difficult. Insulinomas in particular are often smaller than 1cm in diameter. For small tumors, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is useful because of its superior spatial resolution. This article describes the imaging findings of pNEN for each imaging modality including tips on how to detect pNEN using EUS.