EUS-FNA techniques in the pathological diagnosis of pancreatic disease

Abstract

More than 30 years have passed since endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was first conducted. Since then, remarkable technological advances have been achieved, not only in endoscopes and puncture needles, but also in terms of techniques. Different puncture techniques, such as the door-knocking, fanning, torque, wet-pull, stylet slow-pull, and suction methods, have enhanced the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA. Furthermore, aspiration techniques such as the suction, stylet slow-pull, and wet-suction methods have also been reported. Moreover, various on-site evaluations after tissue collection using EUS-FNA have enhanced pathological diagnosis. In the future, with the development of genomic medicine, it is anticipated that devices and techniques that facilitate safer and easier EUS-FNA will be created to address the demand for high-quality and sufficient tissue collection.