Abstract
Medical specialists （scientists, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, etc.） are under strict scrutiny in contemporary society as they are held to a high standard and their crimes are loudly broadcasted through the mass media. In this study, we introduce three cases including the Novartis Case, involving a pharmaceutical company employee, the Mazindol Case involving a doctor, and the Muscle Relaxant Case involving a practical nurse. We analyzed each case, studying the risk and protective factors, to determine what caused the above-mentioned medical specialists to commit medical malpractice. In addition to identification and discussion of the key risk factors involved in each case, we propose prevention measures for medical specialists, particularly scientists, in order to avoid similar acts of misconduct in the future. We conclude that additional education and transparency regarding work performance are necessary to prevent such violations. To eliminate doubt, we recommend that electronic recording devices be used by medical specialists during experimentation.
